Soil air- composition, gaseous exchange, influence of soil temperature and air on plant growth
Jasmolin Occurrence: Jasmolin (comprising Jasmolin I and Jasmolin II) is one of the six natural insecticidal pyrethrin esters extracted from the dried flower heads of the pyrethrum plant, Tanacetum cinerariifolium (formerly Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, family Asteraceae).
Constituents of Natural Pyrethrum: Pyrethrin I, Pyrethrin II, Cinerin I, Cinerin II, Jasmolin I, and Jasmolin II. (Correct answer: Option 4)
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Q.52
Soil Science- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Essential oil is mainly comprised of
EXPLANATION
Essential elements in plant nutrition
Composition of Essential Oils: Essential oils (volatile aromatic plant oils) are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly via the mevalonate and non-mevalonate (MEP) pathways.
Dominant Components: Composed predominantly of monoterpenes ($C_{10}H_{16}$, 10-carbon hydrocarbons formed from two isoprene units) and their oxygenated derivatives (e.g., limonene, menthol, geraniol), followed by sesquiterpenes ($C_{15}$).
Diterpenes: Higher molecular weight non-volatile terpenes ($C_{20}$), generally not present in steam-distilled volatile oils. (Correct answer: Option 1)
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Q.53
Soil Science- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Pungent principle of chilli is
EXPLANATION
Sensing in soil survey and mapping
Capsaicin Principle: Pungency (heat/spiciness) in chilli peppers (Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens) is caused by capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) and related capsaicinoids, which activate heat-sensing TRPV1 receptors on sensory nerve endings.
Capsanthin & Capsorubin: The principal carotenoid pigments responsible for the intense red color of ripe dried chilli fruits, possessing no pungency.
Chalcone: An aromatic ketone flavonoid intermediate. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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Q.54
Soil Science- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
EW formulation of pesticide is a
EXPLANATION
Statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion
EW Pesticide Formulation: EW stands for "Emulsion, oil in water" (water-based emulsion).
Physical State: Formulated as a stable dispersion of fine organic liquid/solvent droplets containing the active ingredient suspended in an external continuous aqueous phase with emulsifiers.
Advantage: Reduces volatile organic solvents and flammability compared to conventional Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC). (Correct answer: Option 1)
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Q.55
Soil Science- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
"Matador" is the trade name of which herbicide ?
EXPLANATION
Concept of land, soil and soil science
"Matador" Herbicide: A widely used proprietary commercial trade name for the herbicide Metribuzin (a selective triazinone herbicide inhibiting photosystem II).
Metsulfuron-methyl Trade Name: Commonly marketed as "Algrip".
Sulfosulfuron Trade Name: Commonly marketed as "Leader".
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