Veterinary Surgery and Radiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Ultrasonographic 'Bull's Eye' (Target Sign): In veterinary gastrointestinal ultrasonography, the classic 'bull's eye' or 'target' lesion (concentric rings in cross-section, or 'pseudokidney' sign in longitudinal section) is pathognomonic for Intussusception.
• Acoustic Anatomy: Formed by the invagination of the proximal bowel segment (intussusceptum) into the lumen of the receiving distal segment (intussuscipiens), producing multiple concentric alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic tissue and mucosal fluid rings.

Correct option: (3) Intussusception

• Ophthalmic Pathology of Chemosis: Chemosis is defined clinically as acute edema of the conjunctival tissue (specifically the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva).
• Clinical Signs: Transudation of fluid into the loose subconjunctival stroma causes dramatic, gelatinous, translucent swelling that protrudes through the palpebral fissure, often covering the cornea (seen in acute allergic conjunctivitis, trauma, or orbital cellulitis).

Correct option: (2) Oedema

• Surgical Management of Ruminant Urolithiasis:
• Urethral Process Amputation: Snipping the vermiform appendage (urethral process) relieves obstruction in up to $50\%\text{ to }70\%$ of blocked rams and bucks, as stones frequently lodge at this narrow tip [TRUE].
• Tube Cystostomy: Percutaneous or surgical insertion of a Foley catheter into the bladder is the gold-standard treatment of choice in male buffalo calves to bypass urethral obstruction and allow spontaneous stone dissolution [TRUE].
• Gender Incidence: Urolith formation in the bladder is not gender-dependent (occurs equally in males and females), although life-threatening obstructive clinical signs occur almost exclusively in males due to the vermiform process and sigmoid flexure [TRUE].

Correct option: (2) (A), (B) and (D).