Calculation of fertilizer application per sprinkler setting:

• Area covered by each sprinkler \(A_s = S_l \times S_m\), where: - Sprinkler spacing on the lateral \(S_l = 14\text{ m}\) - Lateral spacing on the main line \(S_m = 20\text{ m}\) \[A_s = 14\text{ m} \times 20\text{ m} = 280\text{ m}^2\]
• Number of sprinklers on the lateral \(N = 12\). Total area covered per setting \(A_{\text{setting}} = 12 \times 280\text{ m}^2 = 3360\text{ m}^2\). 3. Convert area into hectares: \[A_{\text{setting}} = \frac{3360}{10,000}\text{ ha} = 0.336\text{ ha}\]
• Fertilizer dose recommended = \(80\text{ kg/ha}\). Amount of fertilizer per setting = \(\text{Dose} \times A_{\text{setting}} = 80\text{ kg/ha} \times 0.336\text{ ha} = 26.88\text{ kg} \approx 27\text{ kg}\).

Core Activities of the Command Area Development Programme (CADP):

• Statement (A) is Correct: Modernization of irrigation infrastructure, canal lining, rotational water distribution (Warabandi), and main drainage network improvements are foundational CADP components.
• Statement (B) is Correct: Construction of micro-level on-farm water delivery networks (field channels / watercourses) bridges the gap between canal outlets and farm holdings.
• Statement (C) is Incorrect: Land shaping, contour grading, and precision land levelling are absolute prerequisites for uniform water application under surface irrigation; stating they are 'not required' is false.
• Statement (D) is Correct: Construction of field drains to remove excess water and prevent waterlogging and soil salinization is an essential on-farm development activity.

Evaluation of On-Farm Irrigation Efficiency Metrics:

• Statement (I) is Correct: Water storage efficiency ($\eta_s = V_s / V_{req} \times 100$) quantifies how completely the root zone storage capacity is replenished. When water allocations are constrained or in slow-permeability clay soils requiring protracted ponding, monitoring storage efficiency is crucial to prevent chronic under-irrigation.
• Statement (II) is Correct: Water application efficiency ($\eta_a = V_s / V_f \times 100$) compares water stored in the crop root zone ($V_s$) to total water delivered to the field ($V_f$). Applying excessive depths of water beyond root zone field capacity causes proportional increases in deep percolation losses and surface runoff tailwater, thereby driving application efficiency down.

Statement (I) is correct: Measuring flumes (such as Parshall, cutthroat, and trapezoidal flumes) are engineered contractions formed in open channels to accurately measure irrigation discharge rates. Statement (II) is incorrect: The operational hydraulic principle of measuring flumes is based on the conservation of specific energy (Bernoulli equation) by contracting the flow cross-section to induce critical flow, allowing discharge to be determined from an upstream head measurement alone, rather than being based on the concept of kinetic energy alone. Option analysis: (A) Statement (II) is incorrect. (B) Statement (I) is correct. (C) Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect is the correct answer. (D) Statement (I) is true.