Statement A is false: Drum seeding is a wet direct seeded rice (Wet DSR) technique, not dry seeding. In drum seeding, sprouted/pre-germinated seeds are sown directly onto well-puddled, leveled, and settled wet soil in lines using a plastic drum seeder.

Statement B is false: The row drum seeder was originally conceptualized and developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, and later adapted by TNAU and other institutes, not primarily invented by CRRI (ICAR-NRRI).

• Swarna-sub1: A famous submergence / flood-tolerant rice variety carrying the SUB1A QTL introgressed into mega-variety Swarna by IRRI and CRRI. It can survive complete underwater submergence for up to two weeks, but is NOT a drought-tolerant variety.
• Sahbhagi Dhan: Dedicated drought-tolerant upland/rainfed lowland variety.

• The Dapog method of rice nursery raising originated in the Philippines and was introduced to India via the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños.
• Seedlings are raised on a non-soil surface (banana leaves, polythene sheets, or concrete floors) without direct root contact with soil, relying solely on endosperm food reserves for early nutrition.
• Seedlings become ready for transplanting in an exceptionally short duration of 11 to 14 days (compared to 25–30 days for wet-bed nurseries).
• Hence, Option 4 (Philippines) is the correct answer.