Nature and origin of Rotenone:

• Rotenone is an odorless, colorless isoflavonoid crystalline compound extracted from the roots of fabaceous plants, specifically Derris elliptica and Lonchocarpus utilis.
• It functions as a broad-spectrum natural botanical insecticide and piscicide by inhibiting Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Option analysis:
(A) Econometric models (time-series, cross-sectional, and panel regressions) are statistical/empirical modeling tools, whereas mechanistic crop simulation models (e.g. DSSAT, CERES, APSIM) simulate dynamic biological and physical processes.

Etiology of wheat ear cockle:

• Ear cockle (also known as seed gall disease of wheat) is caused by the seed gall nematode, Anguina tritici.
• Second-stage juveniles infect floral tissues, transforming normal grains into dark, hardened nematode galls (cockles).
• When associated with the bacterium Rathayibacter tritici, it causes yellow ear rot or 'Tundu' disease.