Weed Management

• Statement (A) is false: Orobanche (Broomrape) is a Total Root Parasite (not stem parasite) of solanaceous and cruciferous crops.
• Statement (B) is true: Cuscuta (Dodder / Amarbel) is a Total Stem Parasite that attacks linseed, lucerne, and niger.
• Statement (C) is true: Loranthus (Dendrophthoe) is a Partial Stem Parasite of fruit trees like mango, citrus, and guava.
• Statement (D) is true: Broomrape (Orobanche) is an obligate root parasite of rapeseed-mustard and tobacco.

Chemical eradication of Lantana camara:

• Lantana camara is a noxious woody invasive perennial shrub.
• Foliar spray or cut-stump treatment with non-selective systemic herbicides, particularly glyphosate ($1.0-2.0\%\text{ solution}$ or $2.0\text{ kg a.i./ha}$), translocates into the deep root crown, providing effective mortality.

Statement A is true: In sorghum, post-emergence application of 2,4-D sodium or amine salt is recommended when the crop is 10 to 30 cm tall (about 3-4 weeks after emergence), before whorl/floral initiation to avoid bracing root malformation.

Statement B is false: In wheat, 2,4-D should be applied at 30-35 days after sowing (DAS) (at full tillering, before jointing). Applying it too early (18-25 DAS during crown root initiation) causes severe crop deformities such as tubular leaves, stunted spikes, and ear-head malformation.