A non-reducing sugar lacks a free aldehyde or ketone group (anomeric carbon). In sucrose, the reducing glycosidic bond is formed between the anomeric carbon of glucose (C1) and the anomeric carbon of fructose (C2), leaving no free hemiacetal/hemiketal group. Thus, sucrose cannot reduce Benedict's or Fehling's reagents.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. Each nucleotide unit consists of three chemical components:

• 5-carbon pentose sugar: 2-deoxyribose
• phosphate group ($PO_4^{3-}$)
• nitrogenous base: purines (Adenine, Guanine) or pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine).

Dietary fiber is divided into:

DNA ligase (often called molecular glue) catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide in double-stranded DNA, sealing nicks during DNA replication and recombinant DNA technology.