Resource Management & Consumer Science

Frederick Winslow Taylor's four fundamental Principles of Scientific Management are:

• Science, not rule of thumb (development of a true science of work / best work method) (A).
• Scientific selection, training, and progressive development of the worker (B).
• Hearty cooperation between management and workers (close cooperation of managers and non-managers) (D).
• Division of work and responsibility between management and workers.
  'Selection of best workplace' (C) is not one of Taylor's enunciated principles.

In home management and administrative theory, controlling the plan in action is the continuous process of checking progress, guiding implementation, and making real-time adjustments to ensure that actual events conform to predetermined plans and standards.

Option analysis:

• Planning the Management Process: Incorrect. The initial phase of establishing goals and outlining steps.
• Evaluating the plan in Action: Incorrect. The retrospective appraisal of results and goal attainment.
• Controlling the Plan in Action: Correct. Guiding execution and adapting operations so that actual outcomes match planned objectives.
• Forecasting the Results: Incorrect. Anticipating future developments and requirements before execution begins.

Henri Fayol formulated $14$ principles of management. These include Division of Work, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity of Direction, Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest, Remuneration, Centralization, Scalar Chain, Order, Equity, Stability of Tenure, Initiative, and Esprit de Corps. 'Unity of Interests' is NOT one of Fayol's principles.

Option analysis:

• Unity of Command: Incorrect. This is Fayol's principle that an employee should receive orders from one supervisor only.
• Scalar Chain: Incorrect. This is Fayol's principle defining the formal line of authority from top to bottom.
• Unity of Interests: Correct. This is not one of Fayol's $14$ management principles.
• Equity of Interest: Incorrect. Equity is included in Fayol's framework as fair and unbiased treatment.