Q.7
ICAR AIEEA PG Entomology 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper (Q.103)
Statement Based +4 −1

Given below are two statements

Statement (I) : SSU rDNA is a good phylogenetic marker for elucidating species level phylogenetic relationships within a genus.
Statement (II) : SSU rDNA phylogenetic marker is the most reliable and appropriate phylogenetic marker for nematode molecular taxonomy.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं

कथन (I) : SSU rDNA किसी वंश के भीतर प्रजाति स्तर (Species level) के जातिवृत्तीय संबंधों को स्पष्ट करने के लिए एक अच्छा मार्कर है।
कथन (II) : SSU rDNA मार्कर सूत्रकृमि आणविक वर्गिकी के लिए सबसे विश्वसनीय और उपयुक्त जातिवृत्तीय मार्कर है।

उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर चुनें:

Molecular markers in nematode systematics:

  • Statement (I) is false: Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA / 18S rDNA) evolves very slowly and exhibits extremely high sequence conservation. Consequently, it provides almost zero sequence divergence between closely related congeneric species, making it an ineffective and poor marker for species-level differentiation within a genus.
  • Statement (II) is false: SSU rDNA is reliable only for deep phylogenetic branching (phylum, class, order, and family levels). For nematode species discrimination and general molecular taxonomy, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS2), D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S LSU rDNA, or mitochondrial COI are widely established as the appropriate and reliable markers.
Hence, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.

सूत्रकृमि आणविक वर्गिकी में SSU rDNA मार्कर की सीमाएं:

  • कथन (I) असत्य है: SSU rDNA (18S rDNA) अत्यधिक संरक्षित (Highly conserved) जीन क्षेत्र है जिसमें परिवर्तन की दर बहुत धीमी होती है, अतः एक ही वंश की निकट संबंधी प्रजातियों के बीच भेद करने (प्रजाति स्तर) के लिए यह अनुपयुक्त है।
  • कथन (II) असत्य है: प्रजाति स्तर की पहचान हेतु ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) या LSU 28S (D2-D3) तथा mtDNA COI मार्कर सबसे उपयुक्त और विश्वसनीय माने जाते हैं, SSU rDNA केवल उच्च वर्गिकी (गण/कुल स्तर) हेतु उपयोगी है।
अतः कथन (I) और कथन (II) दोनों असत्य हैं।
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