Q.1
ICAR AIEEA PG Entomology 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper (Q.63)
MCQ (Single Correct)
The required moisture content for the safe storage of seed of oil seeds is:
तिलहनी फसलों के बीजों के सुरक्षित भंडारण के लिए आवश्यक नमी की मात्रा (Moisture content) कितनी होनी चाहिए?

Safe moisture thresholds in grain storage technology:

  • Cereals and pulses contain high carbohydrate/protein fractions and can be stored safely at 10-12% moisture content.
  • Oilseeds contain high lipid fractions (30-50% hydrophobic oil), which cannot adsorb water. Consequently, the non-lipid hydrophilic fraction concentrates all moisture, triggering rapid hydrolytic rancidity, heating, seed deterioration, and mold growth (Aspergillus flavus) if moisture exceeds safe limits.
  • Therefore, the standard recommended safe moisture content for long-term storage of oilseeds (groundnut, mustard, sesame, sunflower) is strictly $\le 8\%$ (6-8%).
Hence, the correct moisture content is 8%.

अनाज एवं तिलहन भंडारण में सुरक्षित नमी सीमा:

  • खाद्यान्नों और दलहनों के बीजों को 10-12% नमी पर सुरक्षित भंडारित किया जा सकता है।
  • तिलहनों में वसा/तेल की मात्रा अधिक (30-50%) होती है जो जलविरोधी (Hydrophobic) होती है, जिससे उपलब्ध नमी कम मात्रा में ही सूक्ष्मजीवों और कवक वृद्धि को सक्रिय कर देती है। नमी अधिक होने पर तेल में दुर्गंध (Rancidity) और Aspergillus कवक (एफ्लाटॉक्सिन) का प्रकोप हो जाता है।
  • अतः तिलहनी फसलों (मूंगफली, सरसों, तिल आदि) के सुरक्षित भंडारण हेतु नमी की मात्रा 8% या उससे कम होनी चाहिए।
अतः सही उत्तर 8% है।
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Entomology, Beneficial Insects, Nematology & Pest Management

35 Topics
Beneficial Insects II - Sericulture and Lac Culture: Silkworm Rearing, Moriculture, Lac Insect Biology and Processing Biological Control: Predators, Parasitoids (Trichogramma, Bracon), Hyperparasitoids and Conservation Pests of Cereals, Millets and Pulses: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Gram, Pigeonpea Orders Apterygota and Exopterygota: Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera Beneficial Insects I - Apiculture: Honeybee Species, Social Organization, Bee Pasture, Diseases and Beekeeping Nematode Management: Cultural, Chemical (Nematicides), Biological, Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN Steinernema, Heterorhabditis) Insect Reproductive System, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Types of Reproduction and Metamorphosis Plant Nematology II: Taxonomy, Major Nematode Orders (Tylenchida, Dorylaimida), Biology and Life Cycles Pests of Horticultural Crops: Vegetables, Fruit Trees, Plantation Crops, Spices and Flowers Orders Endopterygota: Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Cultural, Physical, Mechanical, Regulatory (Plant Quarantine) Controls Medical, Veterinary, Household Pests and Non-Insect Pests (Mites, Rodents, Birds) Insect Thorax Morphology: Pterothorax, Legs and Types, Wings, Venation and Coupling Mechanisms Microbial Control: Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV, GV, Entomopathogenic Fungi (Beauveria, Metarhizium) Insect Ecology: Abiotic Factors (Temperature, Humidity, Light), Biotic Factors, Thermal Thresholds and Life Tables Pests of Oilseeds, Commercial Crops and Fiber Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean Major Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Root-Knot (Meloidogyne), Cyst (Heterodera, Globodera), Reniform, Lesion, Ear-Cockle Insect Taxonomy: Principles of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), Hierarchy and Diagnostic Keys Host Plant Resistance (HPR): Non-preference (Antixenosis), Antibiosis, Tolerance and Mechanisms Insect External Morphology: Head, Suture, Tentorium, Eyes, Antennae and Types Insect Mouthparts: Biting-Chewing, Piercing-Sucking, Sponging, Siphoning, Chewing-Lapping Insect Integument: Cuticle Layers, Sclerotization, Chitin Chemistry and Molting Physiology Insecticide Mode of Action: AChE Inhibitors, Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, GABA, Nicotinic Receptors, RyR Insecticide Formulations, Toxicity (LD50, LC50), Bioassay, Residues, Safety and Insecticides Act 1968 Stored Grain Pests: Primary, Secondary Beetles and Moths, Storage Structures and Fumigation Management Active Plant Nematology I: History, Morphology, Anatomy, Digestive, Excretory and Reproductive Systems of Nematodes History of Entomology in India, Landmarks, Pioneers and Entomological Institutions Insect Excretory and Nervous Systems: Malpighian Tubules, Cryptonephridia, Brain, Nerve Cord and Sense Organs Population Dynamics, Pest Surveillance, Forecasting, Sampling Methods and ETL/EIL Economics Semio-Chemicals: Pheromones (Sex, Aggregation, Alarm), Kairomones, Allomones, Traps and Mating Disruption Insect Abdomen Morphology, Segments, Male and Female Genitalia, Ovipositor Types and Appendages Insect Digestive System: Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut, Peritrophic Membrane, Filter Chamber and Nutrition Insect Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Hemolymph, Dorsal Vessel, Spiracles and Tracheal System Insect Endocrine System, Neurohormones, Ecdysone, Juvenile Hormone and Diapause Physiology Chemical Control: Classification of Insecticides (OPs, OCs, Carbamates, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Neonicotinoids)
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