वन संसाधन प्रबंधन एवं नीतियां

Under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002:
Section 38: Powers of Central Government to notify threatened species of plants and animals, prohibit or regulate their collection for any purpose, and undertake steps for their rehabilitation and conservation.
(Section 37 deals with notifying Biodiversity Heritage Sites; Section 39 deals with designating institutions as repositories for biological materials).

Under the original Indian Forest Act of 1927, bamboo was classified under Section 2(7) as a 'tree', which meant that felling and transit permits were required even for bamboo grown on private farmland.
To encourage farmers to cultivate bamboo outside forest areas and promote the bamboo industry, Parliament enacted The Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 2017, which amended Section 2, clause (7) of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 to omit 'bamboos' from the definition of a tree when grown in non-forest areas.

Statement 1 is NOT true and therefore the correct answer:
Under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972:

• Sanctuaries are declared under Section 18 (intention) and Section 26A.
• National Parks are declared under Section 35 of the Act.

Statements 2, 3, and 4 are completely true for National Parks:

• Boundaries of a National Park are strictly circumscribed by legislation and cannot be altered except by recommendation of the National Board for Wild Life.
• Under Section 35(7), no grazing of any livestock is permitted inside a National Park (unlike Sanctuaries where limited grazing may be regulated under Section 29).