पुष्प विज्ञान एवं लैंडस्केपिंग

• Statement 4 is NOT true (Hence the correct answer): As per FPO and FSSAI standards, the headspace in a canned fruit product should be between $0.6\text{ cm}$ and $0.8\text{ cm}$ (never more than $1.6\text{ cm}$). Excessive headspace indicates slack filling and retains excess oxygen, causing oxidation and internal corrosion.
• Valid FPO canned fruit standards:

  - No artificial chemical preservatives shall be added (preservation is achieved purely through thermal sterilization).
  - Drained weight of fruit shall not be less than $50\%$ of the net weight of contents.
  - The can must maintain negative pressure (vacuum); it shall not show any positive pressure or bulge (swells) at sea level.

• is incorrect because Salix babylonica is weeping willow.
• is correct because Anthocephalus cadamba (syn. Neolamarckia cadamba, family Rubiaceae) is the holy Kadamba tree, intimately associated with Lord Krishna's pastimes in Vrindavan.
• is incorrect because Saraca asoca (Sita Ashok) is associated with Goddess Sita and Lord Buddha.
• is incorrect because Michelia champaca (Magnolia champaca / Swarna Champa) is associated with fragrance and temple offerings.

• is incorrect because Ixora is an erect upright flowering bush.
• is correct because Lantana sellowiana (trailing lantana / weeping lantana) and Juniperus horizontalis (creeping juniper) have low-growing, prostrate, ground-hugging habits perfectly adapted to cascade over boulders in rockeries.
• is incorrect because both Ixora and Duranta are tall upright hedge shrubs.
• is incorrect because Duranta is an erect shrub unsuitable as a prostrate rockery cover.