Fruit Science (Pomology)

• is incorrect because Iron deficiency causes interveinal chlorosis on young emerging leaves.
• is correct because banana is a voracious feeder of Potassium ($K$); Potassium drives phloem loading, carbohydrate translocation, and cell expansion. Its deficiency directly results in thin, poorly filled, lightweight fingers, and bunch choking.
• is incorrect because Copper is an enzyme constituent involved in photosynthetic electron transport.
• is incorrect because Magnesium deficiency produces marginal chlorosis on older leaves.

• Translucent flesh matches Pineapple (II): Caused by excess fruit transpiration, high temperatures, and calcium imbalances resulting in water-soaked, glassy flesh.
• Internal breakdown matches Pomegranate (III): Involves aril disintegration, blackening, and flattening of taste in arils without external peel damage.
• Gooseflesh matches Banana (IV): A chilling injury symptom where banana peels exhibit sub-epidermal latex coagulation and pimple-like rough projections.
• Girdle necrosis matches Mango (I): Necrosis at the pedicel attachment zone causing fruit drop.

Option analysis:
(A) 'Kashi Saumya' is a high-yielding $F_1$ hybrid of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) developed by ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi.

Riverbed (Diara land) farming of cucurbits in India:

• $85\%$ is an overestimation.
• $48\%$ is lower than the actual proportion.
• $63\%$: In northern, western, and central India, seasonal dry riverbeds of rivers like Yamuna, Ganga, Sabarmati, and Narmada are extensively utilized for growing cucurbits (watermelon, muskmelon, bottle gourd), comprising approximately $60-65\%$ (around $63\%$) of the total cucurbit cultivation area.
• $25\%$ is incorrect.
  
  Option breakdown:
• Too high.
• Too low.
• $63\%$ is the established estimate.
• Incorrect.