Vegetable Science (Olericulture)

• is correct because early blight of potato and tomato is incited by the fungus Alternaria solani, characterized by dark brown concentric rings producing pathognomonic 'target board' lesions on leaves.
• is incorrect because Phytophthora infestans causes late blight.
• is incorrect because Rhizoctonia solani causes black scurf and stem canker.
• is incorrect because Synchytrium endobioticum causes potato wart disease.

• is incorrect because Bhima Light Red is bred primarily for the Rabi season.
• is incorrect because Bhima Kiran is a late Rabi variety with excellent storage quality.
• is correct because Bhima Dark Red was developed by ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research (DOGR), Rajgurunagar, specifically for the Kharif season (yielding 20-22 t/ha with attractive dark red bulbs and low bolting).
• is incorrect because Pusa Madhavi is a Rabi onion variety.

Cashew apple physiology and post-harvest facts:

• Statement (A) is correct: The weight ratio of cashew apple to raw nut typically ranges from 8:1 to 10:1.
• Statement (B) is correct: Cashew apple is exceptionally rich in vitamin C (ascorbic acid), containing around $200\text{--}240\text{ mg}$ per $100\text{ g}$, nearly 5 times that of citrus fruits.
• Statement (C) is evaluated as true under this question's syllabus context because Feni (Fenny) in Goa is the primary legally recognized traditional commercial distilled liquor made on a large commercial scale from cashew apple.
• Statement (D) is false: Cashew apples ripen unevenly over several weeks; they cannot and should not be harvested in a single day.

Option analysis:
(A) 'Kalpa Samrudhi' is a high-yielding hybrid variety (MYD $\times$ WCT) of coconut developed by ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod.