The objectives of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic...

Filter: 2024 Paper (4 Qs)

Q.1

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.99)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Which of the following organization is primarily responsible for the collection, evaluation, and conservation of plant genetic resources in India for research purposes?

अनुसंधान उद्देश्यों के लिए भारत में पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों (plant genetic resources) के संग्रह, मूल्यांकन और संरक्षण के लिए मुख्य रूप से कौन सा संगठन जिम्मेदार है?

PPV&FRA पौधा किस्म और कृषक अधिकार संरक्षण प्राधिकरण (PPV&FRA) ICAR-NBPGR राष्ट्रीय पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधन ब्यूरो Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare कृषि एवं किसान कल्याण मंत्रालय Bioversity International बायोवर्सिटी इंटरनेशनल

ICAR-NBPGR:

Established in 1976 and headquartered in New Delhi, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) is the nodal national agency in India mandated with:

Exploration and germplasm collection across agro-ecological zones.
Plant quarantine and introduction of exotic plant genetic resources.
Characterization, evaluation, and documentation of crop accessions.
Long-term ex-situ conservation in the National Gene Bank (NGB) at $-18^\circ\text{C}$ / cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (second largest genebank in the world).
- PPV&FRA grants plant breeders' rights and registration under the PPV&FR Act 2001, but is not the conservation repository.

Correct Answer: Option 2 (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources).

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

ICAR-NBPGR (राष्ट्रीय पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधन ब्यूरो):

Established in 1976 and headquartered in New Delhi, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) is the nodal national agency in India mandated with:

Exploration and germplasm collection across agro-ecological zones.
Plant quarantine and introduction of exotic plant genetic resources.
Characterization, evaluation, and documentation of crop accessions.
Long-term ex-situ conservation in the National Gene Bank (NGB) at $-18^\circ\text{C}$ / cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (second largest genebank in the world).
- PPV&FRA grants plant breeders' rights and registration under the PPV&FR Act 2001, but is not the conservation repository.

Correct Answer: Option 2 (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources).

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

Q.2

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.101)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Which of the following is NOT a serious limitation for conserving the plant genetic resources under in-vitro repositories?

इन-विट्रो रिपॉजिटरी (in-vitro repositories / ऊतक संवर्धन जीनबैंक) के तहत पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण के लिए

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी एक गंभीर सीमा (limitation) नहीं है?

Genetic stability may be compromised over time due to accumulation of somaclonal variations सोमाक्लोनल विविधताओं के संचय के कारण समय के साथ आनुवंशिक स्थिरता से समझौता हो सकता है High cost associated with establishment and maintenance of in-vitro collections इन-विट्रो संग्रह की स्थापना और रखरखाव से जुड़ी उच्च लागत Limited capacity to conserve large collections compared to field genebanks फील्ड जीनबैंक की तुलना में बड़े संग्रह को संरक्षित करने की सीमित क्षमता Vulnerability to catastrophic events such as power outages or equipment failure बिजली गुल होने या उपकरण की विफलता जैसी विनाशकारी घटनाओं के प्रति संवेदनशीलता

In-vitro Repositories for Plant Genetic Resources:

In-vitro repositories maintain slow-growth tissue cultures (meristems, shoot tips) under reduced temperature and light to conserve vegetatively propagated and recalcitrant crop species (potato, banana, cassava, yam).
Advantages of In-vitro Genebanks:
Extremely high storage capacity per unit space: Thousands of clonal accessions can be preserved in miniature culture test tubes on a few laboratory shelves, occupying hundreds of times less space than sprawling field genebanks. Thus, having 'limited capacity compared to field genebanks' is completely FALSE (it is actually a major strength, not a limitation).
True Limitations of In-vitro Conservation:
Somaclonal variation and genetic instability during repeated subcultures (1).
Expensive culture facilities, laminar hoods, and autoclaving costs (2).
Total dependency on uninterrupted electrical power and HVAC equipment (4).

Therefore, Option 3 is NOT a limitation. Correct Answer: Option 3.

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

In-vitro Repositories for Plant Genetic Resources (इन-विट्रो जीनबैंक):

In-vitro repositories maintain slow-growth tissue cultures (meristems, shoot tips) under reduced temperature and light to conserve vegetatively propagated and recalcitrant crop species (potato, banana, cassava, yam).
Advantages of In-vitro Genebanks:
Extremely high storage capacity per unit space: Thousands of clonal accessions can be preserved in miniature culture test tubes on a few laboratory shelves, occupying hundreds of times less space than sprawling field genebanks. Thus, having 'limited capacity compared to field genebanks' is completely FALSE (it is actually a major strength, not a limitation).
True Limitations of In-vitro Conservation:
Somaclonal variation and genetic instability during repeated subcultures (1).
Expensive culture facilities, laminar hoods, and autoclaving costs (2).
Total dependency on uninterrupted electrical power and HVAC equipment (4).

Therefore, Option 3 is NOT a limitation. Correct Answer: Option 3.

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

Q.3

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.114)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

The primary objectives of conservation of the plant genetic resources are

(A) To conserve genetic diversity for future generations

(B) To promote monoculture farming practices

(C) To eradicate invasive plant species

(D) To ensure food security and sustainable agriculture

(E) To facilitate research and innovation in plant breeding

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों (plant genetic resources) के संरक्षण के प्राथमिक उद्देश्य क्या हैं?

(A) भविष्य की पीढ़ियों के लिए आनुवंशिक विविधता का संरक्षण करना

(B) मोनोकल्चर (एकल फसल) खेती पद्धतियों को बढ़ावा देना

(C) आक्रामक पादप प्रजातियों का उन्मूलन करना

(D) खाद्य सुरक्षा और सतत कृषि सुनिश्चित करना

(E) पादप प्रजनन में अनुसंधान और नवाचार को सुगम बनाना

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:

(A), (B), (D) and (E) only केवल (A), (B), (D) और (A), (D) and (E) only केवल (A), (D) और (B), (C), (D) and (E) only केवल (B), (C), (D) और (C), (D) and (E) only केवल (C), (D) और

Objectives of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) Conservation:

Plant genetic resources represent the fundamental reservoir of genes providing resistance to diseases, pests, drought, and climatic extremes.
The primary objectives defined by FAO and NBPGR are:

Safeguarding genetic diversity for future generations (A): Preventing genetic erosion and loss of landraces and crop wild relatives.
Ensuring global food security and agricultural resilience (D): Providing genetic variation to breed resilient, nutritious crop varieties.
Facilitating breeding research and innovation (E): Supplying novel alleles for yield enhancement and climate-smart agriculture.
- PGR conservation aims to prevent the hazards of genetic vulnerability caused by monoculture (B is completely contrary to conservation goals). Eradicating invasive weeds (C) is a weed management / ecological restoration goal, not the mandate of PGR conservation.

Therefore, (A), (D), and (E) are the valid primary objectives. Correct Answer: Option 2 ((A), (D) and (E) only).

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

Objectives of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) Conservation (पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधन संरक्षण के उद्देश्य):

Plant genetic resources represent the fundamental reservoir of genes providing resistance to diseases, pests, drought, and climatic extremes.
The primary objectives defined by FAO and NBPGR are:

Safeguarding genetic diversity for future generations (A): Preventing genetic erosion and loss of landraces and crop wild relatives.
Ensuring global food security and agricultural resilience (D): Providing genetic variation to breed resilient, nutritious crop varieties.
Facilitating breeding research and innovation (E): Supplying novel alleles for yield enhancement and climate-smart agriculture.
- PGR conservation aims to prevent the hazards of genetic vulnerability caused by monoculture (B is completely contrary to conservation goals). Eradicating invasive weeds (C) is a weed management / ecological restoration goal, not the mandate of PGR conservation.

Therefore, (A), (D), and (E) are the valid primary objectives. Correct Answer: Option 2 ((A), (D) and (E) only).

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

Q.4

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.116)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

The objectives of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) include:

(A) To promote the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.

(B) To ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of plant genetic resources.

(C) To encourage genetic modification of crop plants and monoculture farming practices.

(D) Facilitate access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, especially for countries with limited resources and capacities.

(E) Strengthen the capacity of farmers, particularly those in developing countries, to conserve, manage, and sustainably use plant genetic resources.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

खाद्य और कृषि के लिए पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों पर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संधि (ITPGRFA / Seed Treaty) के उद्देश्यों में शामिल हैं:

(A) खाद्य और कृषि के लिए पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण और सतत उपयोग को बढ़ावा देना।

(B) पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों के उपयोग से प्राप्त लाभों का निष्पक्ष और न्यायसंगत साझाकरण सुनिश्चित करना।

(C) फसली पौधों के आनुवंशिक संशोधन और एकल फसल (monoculture) खेती पद्धतियों को प्रोत्साहित करना।

(D) खाद्य और कृषि के लिए पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों तक पहुंच को सुगम बनाना, विशेष रूप से सीमित संसाधनों और क्षमता वाले देशों के लिए।

(E) किसानों, विशेष रूप से विकासशील देशों के किसानों की पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण, प्रबंधन और सतत उपयोग की क्षमता को सुदृढ़ करना।

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:

(A), (C), (D) and (E) only केवल (A), (C), (D) और (A), (B) and (D) only केवल (A), (B) और (D) (A), (B), (D) and (E) only केवल (A), (B), (D) और (B), (C), (D) and (E) only केवल (B), (C), (D) और

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA / International Seed Treaty):

Adopted by FAO in 2001 (entered into force in 2004), ITPGRFA establishes a global Multilateral System (MLS) of access and benefit-sharing covering 64 major food and forage crops (Annex I crops).
Core Objectives of the Treaty (Article 1 & Article 9):
Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (A).
Fair and equitable sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits arising out of their use (B).
Facilitating facilitated access to germplasm for breeders and researchers globally (D).
Farmers' Rights and capacity building for traditional farming communities in developing nations (E).
Promoting monoculture and genetic modification (C) is diametrically opposed to the conservation philosophy of the treaty.

Therefore, (A), (B), (D), and (E) are the authentic objectives. Correct Answer: Option 3 ((A), (B), (D) and (E) only).

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA / International Seed Treaty):

Adopted by FAO in 2001 (entered into force in 2004), ITPGRFA establishes a global Multilateral System (MLS) of access and benefit-sharing covering 64 major food and forage crops (Annex I crops).
Core Objectives of the Treaty (Article 1 & Article 9):
Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (A).
Fair and equitable sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits arising out of their use (B).
Facilitating facilitated access to germplasm for breeders and researchers globally (D).
Farmers' Rights and capacity building for traditional farming communities in developing nations (E).
Promoting monoculture and genetic modification (C) is diametrically opposed to the conservation philosophy of the treaty.

Therefore, (A), (B), (D), and (E) are the authentic objectives. Correct Answer: Option 3 ((A), (B), (D) and (E) only).

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report