Given below are two statements: Statement (I): Saccharomyces...

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Q.1

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.50)

Match the Following +4 −1

Match List-I with List-II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

सूची-I को सूची-II के साथ सुमेलित कीजिए:

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:

List - I		List - II
A	2, 4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol 2, 4-डायएसिटाइल-फ्लोरोग्लुसिनॉल	I	Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens
B	Herbicolin हर्बिकोलिन	II	Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea agglomerans
C	Zwittermicin A ज़्विटरमाइसिन ए	III	Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus
D	Xanthobaccin A जैंथोबैसेन ए	IV	Lysobacter sp. Lysobacter sp.

(A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV) (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III) (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II) (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Biocontrol Antibiotics Produced by Antagonistic Rhizobacteria:

2, 4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol (DAPG): A broad-spectrum phenolic antibiotic produced by plant-growth promoting fluorescent pseudomonads (Pseudomonas fluorescens / P. protegens), responsible for natural suppression of take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis $\rightarrow$ (I).
Herbicolin (Herbicolin A & B): Lipopeptide antibiotics synthesized by Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Erwinia herbicola), effective against phytopathogenic fungi and fire blight $\rightarrow$ (II).
Zwittermicin A: An aminopolyol antibiotic produced by Bacillus cereus (strain UW85), known for suppressing damping-off caused by Phytophthora medicaginis and Pythium $\rightarrow$ (III).
Xanthobaccin A: A macrocyclic lactam antibiotic isolated from Lysobacter sp. (e.g., Lysobacter enzymogenes strain SB-K88) showing potent antifungal activity against sugar beet damping-off (Aphanomyces cochlioides) $\rightarrow$ (IV).

Matching sequence: (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).
Correct Answer: Option 2.

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

Biocontrol Antibiotics Produced by Antagonistic Rhizobacteria (जैव-नियंत्रण जीवाणु एवं उनके एंटीबायोटिक्स):

2, 4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol (DAPG): A broad-spectrum phenolic antibiotic produced by plant-growth promoting fluorescent pseudomonads (Pseudomonas fluorescens / P. protegens), responsible for natural suppression of take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis $\rightarrow$ (I).
Herbicolin (Herbicolin A & B): Lipopeptide antibiotics synthesized by Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Erwinia herbicola), effective against phytopathogenic fungi and fire blight $\rightarrow$ (II).
Zwittermicin A: An aminopolyol antibiotic produced by Bacillus cereus (strain UW85), known for suppressing damping-off caused by Phytophthora medicaginis and Pythium $\rightarrow$ (III).
Xanthobaccin A: A macrocyclic lactam antibiotic isolated from Lysobacter sp. (e.g., Lysobacter enzymogenes strain SB-K88) showing potent antifungal activity against sugar beet damping-off (Aphanomyces cochlioides) $\rightarrow$ (IV).

Matching sequence: (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).
Correct Answer: Option 2.

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

Q.2

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.69)

Statement Based +4 −1

Given below are two statements

Statement (I) : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an yeast, is the most widely used microorganism for industrial ethanol fermentation.

Statement (II) : Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ethanol through glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) Pathway.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं

कथन (I) : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, एक यीस्ट (खमीर), औद्योगिक एथेनॉल किण्वन (industrial ethanol fermentation) के लिए सबसे व्यापक रूप से इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला सूक्ष्मजीव है।

कथन (II) : Saccharomyces cerevisiae ग्लाइकोलिटिक (एम्बडेन-मेयरहॉफ-परनास / EMP) पथ के माध्यम से एथेनॉल का उत्पादन करता है।

उपरोक्त कथनों के आलोक में, नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर चुनिए:

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct कथन (I) और कथन (II) दोनों सही हैं Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect कथन (I) और कथन (II) दोनों गलत हैं Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect कथन (I) सही है लेकिन कथन (II) गलत है Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct कथन (I) गलत है लेकिन कथन (II) सही है

Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

Statement (I) is CORRECT: Brewer's/baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been utilized for millennia and remains the dominant industrial workhorse organism for large-scale bioethanol fuel and alcoholic beverage production owing to its high ethanol tolerance ($\gt 12\%\text{ v/v}$) and rapid fermentation kinetics.
Statement (II) is CORRECT: Under anaerobic/fermentative conditions, S. cerevisiae metabolizes hexose sugars (glucose, fructose) to pyruvate via the classical Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway. Pyruvate is subsequently decarboxylated to acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase and reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase with regeneration of $\text{NAD}^+$.

Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct. Correct Answer: Option 1.

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (यीस्ट द्वारा एथेनॉल किण्वन):

Statement (I) is CORRECT: Brewer's/baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been utilized for millennia and remains the dominant industrial workhorse organism for large-scale bioethanol fuel and alcoholic beverage production owing to its high ethanol tolerance ($\gt 12\%\text{ v/v}$) and rapid fermentation kinetics.
Statement (II) is CORRECT: Under anaerobic/fermentative conditions, S. cerevisiae metabolizes hexose sugars (glucose, fructose) to pyruvate via the classical Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway. Pyruvate is subsequently decarboxylated to acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase and reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase with regeneration of $\text{NAD}^+$.

Therefore, both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct. Correct Answer: Option 1.

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

Q.3

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.71)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Cannulae and Hami are the cellular structures found in

कैन्युली (Cannulae) और हामी (Hami) किसमें पाई जाने वाली विशिष्ट कोशिकीय संरचनाएं हैं?

Yeast यीस्ट Archaea आर्किया Mycoplasma माइकोप्लाज्मा Bacteria जीवाणु

Q.4

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.74)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Which of the following fungi form endomycorrhizal associations with the plants?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन से कवक पौधों के साथ एंडोमाइकोराइज़ल (अंतःकवकजाल / Endomycorrhizal) संबंध बनाते हैं?

Ascomycetes एस्कोमाईसीट्स Basidiomycetes बेसिडियोमाईसीट्स Chytrids काइट्रिड्स Glomeromycetes ग्लोमेरोमाईसीट्स

Q.5

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Plant Sciences (Q.76)

Statement Based +4 −1

Given below are two statements

Statement (I) : Sesbania is used as green manure crop.

Statement (II) : In Sesbania, nodules are formed only on the roots.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं

कथन (I) : सेस्बेनिया (Sesbania / ढैंचा) का उपयोग हरी खाद की फसल के रूप में किया जाता है।

कथन (II) : सेस्बेनिया में ग्रंथियां (nodules) केवल जड़ों पर बनती हैं।

Sesbania Green Manuring and Nodulation:

Statement (I) is CORRECT: Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) and Sesbania rostrata are leading leguminous green manure crops grown widely in wetland rice cropping systems to accumulate 80–120 kg N/ha and improve soil physical structure.
Statement (II) is INCORRECT: In Sesbania rostrata, nitrogen-fixing nodules develop profusion on both the stems and the roots via symbiosis with the photosynthetic stem-nodulating rhizobacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans. Stem nodulation enables continued nitrogen fixation even under completely submerged/waterlogged wetland conditions where root nodulation is oxygen-restricted.

Therefore, Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect. Correct Answer: Option 3.

विस्तृत व्याख्या:

Sesbania Green Manuring and Nodulation (ढैंचा में ग्रंथिकरण एवं हरी खाद):

Statement (I) is CORRECT: Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) and Sesbania rostrata are leading leguminous green manure crops grown widely in wetland rice cropping systems to accumulate 80–120 kg N/ha and improve soil physical structure.
Statement (II) is INCORRECT: In Sesbania rostrata, nitrogen-fixing nodules develop profusion on both the stems and the roots via symbiosis with the photosynthetic stem-nodulating rhizobacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans. Stem nodulation enables continued nitrogen fixation even under completely submerged/waterlogged wetland conditions where root nodulation is oxygen-restricted.

Therefore, Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect. Correct Answer: Option 3.

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report