Which of the following is known to cause abnormal and unlimited proliferation of plant cells?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन पादप कोशिकाओं के असामान्य और असीमित प्रवर्धन (proliferation / गिल्टी बनना) का कारण बनने के लिए जाना जाता है?
EXPLANATION
Crop Botany, Geography & Agronomy
Crown Gall Disease and Cellular Proliferation:
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (now Rhizobium radiobacter) is a soil bacterium known as 'nature's genetic engineer'.
- It transfers a specific segment of DNA (the T-DNA from its Ti plasmid) into the plant nuclear genome.
- The T-DNA genes encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of phytohormones (auxins and cytokinins) and opines.
- The unregulated overproduction of auxin and cytokinin in transformed plant cells triggers uncontrolled, abnormal cell division (hyperplasia) and cell enlargement (hypertrophy), leading to the formation of tumors or crown galls (unlimited proliferation).
Correct Answer: Option 1 (Agrobacterium).
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Crown Gall Disease and Cellular Proliferation (क्राउन गॉल रोग - एग्रोबैक्टीरियम):
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (now Rhizobium radiobacter) is a soil bacterium known as 'nature's genetic engineer'.
- It transfers a specific segment of DNA (the T-DNA from its Ti plasmid) into the plant nuclear genome.
- The T-DNA genes encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of phytohormones (auxins and cytokinins) and opines.
- The unregulated overproduction of auxin and cytokinin in transformed plant cells triggers uncontrolled, abnormal cell division (hyperplasia) and cell enlargement (hypertrophy), leading to the formation of tumors or crown galls (unlimited proliferation).
Correct Answer: Option 1 (Agrobacterium).
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