सामान्य कृषि एवं सांख्यिकी

The somatic chromosome numbers ($2n$) of the four crops are:

• Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan): $2n = 22$ (diploid, $x = 11$)
• Rice (Oryza sativa): $2n = 24$ (diploid, $x = 12$)
• Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea): $2n = 4x = 40$ (allotetraploid, $x = 10$)
• Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum): $2n = 6x = 42$ (allohexaploid, $x = 7$)
  
  Arranging in ascending numerical order:
  $$22\text{ (Pigeon pea)} \lt 24\text{ (Rice)} \lt 40\text{ (Groundnut)} \lt 42\text{ (Wheat)}$$

Statement (I) is true: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is India's leading non-cereal commercial cash crop, generating rapid cash returns and employment for millions of farmers, particularly in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar.
Statement (II) is true: Potato produces more dry matter and protein per unit land and water than cereals. It is processed into chips, fries, dehydrated flakes, starch (farina), and alcohol, while culls serve as livestock feed, adapting broadly across sub-tropical plains, plateau, and temperate hill regions.

Hemoglobin polypeptide composition:

• Normal adult hemoglobin (HbA) represents $\approx 97\%$ of adult hemoglobin and is a tetramer composed of two alpha ($\alpha$) and two beta ($\beta$) polypeptide chains ($\alpha_2\beta_2$).
• Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) consists of two $\alpha$ and two gamma ($\gamma$) chains ($\alpha_2\gamma_2$).
• Minor adult hemoglobin ($HbA_2$) consists of two $\alpha$ and two delta ($\delta$) chains ($\alpha_2\delta_2$).
• Hence, HbA is $\alpha_2\beta_2$.