Q.4
ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Social Sciences (Q.39)
Match the Following +4 −1

Match List-I with List-II:

(ii) . Agreement between two firms on certain decisions (supply of input or raw material) but each firm retains its separate identity.
(iii) . Combination of two or more firms operating in the production and distribution of a product.
(iv) . Acquisition of another firm operating in the same business (production or processing).

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(ii) . कुछ निर्णयों (इनपुट या कच्चे माल की आपूर्ति) पर दो फर्मों के बीच समझौता, लेकिन प्रत्येक फर्म अपनी अलग पहचान बनाए रखती है।
(iii) . किसी उत्पाद के उत्पादन और वितरण में कार्य करने वाली दो या अधिक फर्मों का संयोजन।
(iv) . उसी व्यवसाय (उत्पादन या प्रसंस्करण) में कार्यरत किसी अन्य फर्म का अधिग्रहण।
List - I
List - II
A Vertical Integration Vertical Integration I Bringing activities/ firms under unified management which are not related to the present activity of the individual firm. Bringing activities/ firms under unified management which are not related to the present activity of the individual firm.
B Horizontal Integration Horizontal Integration II Agreement between two firms on certain decisions (supply of input or raw material) but each firm retains its separate identity. Agreement between two firms on certain decisions (supply of input or raw material) but each firm retains its separate identity.
C Conglomeration Conglomeration III Combination of two or more firms operating in the production and distribution of a product. Combination of two or more firms operating in the production and distribution of a product.
D Contract integration Contract integration IV Acquisition of another firm operating in the same business (production or processing). Acquisition of another firm operating in the same business (production or processing).

Definitions of Market Integration types:

  • Vertical Integration: Occurs when firms operating across successive stages in the production and distribution chain of a product combine under unified ownership/control -> (III).
  • Horizontal Integration: Involves the combination or acquisition of another firm operating at the same stage of business/marketing channel (same level of production or processing) -> (IV).
  • Conglomeration: Involves bringing firms/activities under unified management that are totally unrelated to the firm's core product or present activity -> (I).
  • Contract Integration: An arrangement/agreement where two separate firms coordinate specific decisions (such as supply of farm inputs, buyback of produce) while retaining their separate legal identities -> (II).
Thus, the correct match is (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II).

बाजार एकीकरण (Market Integration) के प्रकारों की सही व्याख्या:

  • लंबवत एकीकरण (Vertical Integration): किसी उत्पाद के उत्पादन और विपणन श्रृंखला के विभिन्न क्रमिक चरणों में कार्यरत दो या अधिक फर्मों का संयोजन -> (III)।
  • क्षैतिज एकीकरण (Horizontal Integration): उसी स्तर या समान व्यवसाय (उत्पादन अथवा प्रसंस्करण) में कार्यरत अन्य फर्म का अधिग्रहण/संयोजन -> (IV)।
  • समूह एकीकरण / कांग्लोमरेशन (Conglomeration): ऐसी फर्मों का एकीकरण जिनकी व्यावसायिक गतिविधियां फर्म की वर्तमान गतिविधि से पूरी तरह असंबंधित हैं -> (I)।
  • संविदा एकीकरण (Contract Integration): दो फर्मों के मध्य विशिष्ट निर्णयों (जैसे इनपुट आपूर्ति या उत्पाद खरीद) पर अनुबंध जिसके तहत दोनों अपनी स्वतंत्र पहचान बनाए रखती हैं -> (II)।
अतः सही मिलान (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II) है।
Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report
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