Ionization percentage of a drug when pH of the medium = pKa of...

All Subjects Veterinary Anatomy, Histology & Mammalian Physiology Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology & Parasitology Veterinary Medicine, Epidemiology, Surgery, Radiology & Gynaecology Veterinary Public Health, Pharmacology & Toxicology

101

ICAR AIEEA PG Veterinary Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

MCQ (Single Correct)

Arrange the routes of drug administration in the sequence that offer bioavailability from low to high:

(A) Intramuscular route

(B) Intravenous route

(C) Topical route

(D) Subcutaneous route

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

दवा देने के मार्गों को कम से उच्च जैवउपलब्धता (Bioavailability) के क्रम में व्यवस्थित कीजिए:

(A) अंतःपेशीय मार्ग (Intramuscular)

(B) अंतःशिरा मार्ग (Intravenous)

(C) सामयिक मार्ग (Topical)

(D) अवत्वचीय मार्ग (Subcutaneous)

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर का चयन कीजिए:

(B), (A), (C), (D). (B), (A), (C), (D) (D), (A), (C), (B). (D), (A), (C), (B) (C), (D), (A), (B). (C), (D), (A), (B) (C), (A), (D), (B). (C), (A), (D), (B)

Bioavailability ($F$) is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation:

Topical route (C): Extremely low systemic bioavailability due to the stratum corneum barrier (primarily designed for local effect).
Subcutaneous route (D): Intermediate bioavailability; absorption is slower and less complete than intramuscular due to lower vascularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Intramuscular route (A): High and rapid systemic bioavailability due to the rich vascular capillary network of skeletal muscle.
Intravenous route (B): 100% bioavailability ($F = 1.0$) because the drug is placed directly and entirely into systemic venous circulation.

Therefore, the sequence offering bioavailability from lowest to highest is (C), (D), (A), (B).

विभिन्न मार्गों द्वारा औषधि की प्रणालीगत जैवउपलब्धता (Bioavailability) का आरोही क्रम (कम से अधिक):

सामयिक मार्ग (Topical - C): त्वचा की बाहरी परत के कारण प्रणालीगत जैवउपलब्धता न्यूनतम होती है।
अवत्वचीय मार्ग (Subcutaneous - D): वसा ऊतक में कम रक्त वाहिकाओं के कारण धीमी गति से अवशोषण।
अंतःपेशीय मार्ग (Intramuscular - A): मांसपेशियों में प्रचुर रक्त संचार के कारण उच्च जैवउपलब्धता।
अंतःशिरा मार्ग (Intravenous - B): शत-प्रतिशत ($100\%$) जैवउपलब्धता क्योंकि दवा सीधे रक्त में प्रवेश करती है।

अतः सही आरोही क्रम (C), (D), (A), (B) है।

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

102

ICAR AIEEA PG Veterinary Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

MCQ (Single Correct)

Ionization percentage of a drug when pH of the medium = pKa of drug is:

जब माध्यम का pH = दवा का pKa होता है, तो दवा का आयनीकरण प्रतिशत (Ionization percentage) कितना होता है?

$100\%$ $100\%$ $50\%$ $50\%$ $0\%$ $0\%$ $1\%$ $1\%$

103

ICAR AIEEA PG Veterinary Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

MCQ (Single Correct)

Main source of Digitoxin is:

डिजिटॉक्सिन (Digitoxin) का मुख्य स्रोत क्या है?

Snake root सर्पगंधा / स्नेक रूट Fox glove फॉक्सग्लोव Nux vomica कुचला / नक्स वोमिका Yew tree यू ट्री

104

ICAR AIEEA PG Veterinary Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Match the Following

Match List-I with List-II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

सूची-I को सूची-II से सुमेलित कीजिए:

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर का चयन कीजिए:

List - I सूची - I Process प्रक्रिया		List - II सूची - II Element घटक / माध्यम
A	Transformation रूपांतरण (Transformation)	I	Bacteriophages जीवाणुभोजी (Bacteriophages)
B	Transduction पारगमन (Transduction)	II	Spontaneous स्वतःस्फूर्त (Spontaneous)
C	Conjugation संयुग्मन (Conjugation)	III	Free DNA from Environment पर्यावरण से मुक्त DNA (Free DNA)
D	Mutation उत्परिवर्तन (Mutation)	IV	Pilus पाइलस / संयुग्मन नलिका (Pilus)

(A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV) (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II) (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II) (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II) (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III) (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)

Mechanisms of genetic variation and transfer in bacteria:

Transformation: Direct uptake and incorporation of naked free foreign DNA fragments from the surrounding extracellular environment by competent bacteria -> (III).
Transduction: Transfer of bacterial DNA from a donor to a recipient cell mediated by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) -> (I).
Conjugation: Direct transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between two bacterial cells in physical contact via a sex pilus -> (IV).
Mutation: Spontaneous permanent alterations in the genomic nucleotide sequence -> (II).

Therefore, the correct match is (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II).

जीवाणुओं में आनुवंशिक स्थानांतरण और विविधता के तंत्र:

रूपांतरण (Transformation): पर्यावरण से नग्न मुक्त DNA (Free DNA) का अवशोषण -> (III)।
पारगमन (Transduction): जीवाणुभोजी (Bacteriophage) विषाणु द्वारा DNA का स्थानांतरण -> (I)।
संयुग्मन (Conjugation): सेक्स पाइलस (Pilus) द्वारा दो जीवाणुओं के प्रत्यक्ष संपर्क से प्लास्मिड का स्थानांतरण -> (IV)।
उत्परिवर्तन (Mutation): DNA में स्वतःस्फूर्त (Spontaneous) या प्रेरित आनुवंशिक परिवर्तन -> (II)।

अतः सही मिलान (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II) है।

Explanation not matching this question? क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही? Report

105

ICAR AIEEA PG Veterinary Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

MCQ (Single Correct)

All of these are pro-drugs except:

निम्नलिखित में से किसके अलावा बाकी सभी प्रो-ड्रग्स (Pro-drugs) हैं?

Enalapril इनालाप्रिल Lisinopril लिसिनोप्रिल Benazepril बेनाजेप्रिल Ramipril रामीप्रिल

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Ionization percentage of a drug when pH of the medium = pKa of... | Agrigyan

Veterinary Science Subjects

Veterinary Anatomy, Histology & Mammalian Physiology

Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology & Parasitology

Veterinary Medicine, Epidemiology, Surgery, Radiology & Gynaecology

Veterinary Public Health, Pharmacology & Toxicology

Previous Year Papers of Veterinary Science

ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Veterinary Science

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