Vertical drainage: Relies on deep tubewells or pumping wells to extract excess groundwater from deep semi-confined or unconfined aquifers and lower waterlogged water tables -> (IV).
Stuffing box: A mechanical component on the shaft of a centrifugal pump containing packing rings to prevent liquid leakage from pump casing -> (III).
Diffuser: A stationary casing ring with expanding guide vanes fitted in deep-well turbine pumps to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of water leaving the impeller into pressure head -> (II).
Groundwater recharge: The natural or artificial replenishment of groundwater through deep percolation of surface water -> (I).