Rajasthan Geography

Bar, Parveria, Shivpur Ghat, Debari, and Sura Ghat are prominent mountain passes (Ghats/Nal) across the Aravalli range in central and southern Rajasthan facilitating transport.

• Mountain Peak: Prominent peaks include Guru Shikhar, Ser, Dilwara, and Taragarh.
• Passes: Bar, Parveria, Shivpur, Debari, and Sura are classic mountain passes (Nal) traversing the Aravallis.
• Valley: Valleys include Girwa and Kashan.
• Plateau area: Major plateaus include Bhorat, Mesha, and Uparmal.

The Bap Boulder Bed is a famous Permo-Carboniferous glacial-marine geological formation consisting of unsorted rounded boulders and pebbles, located near Bap tehsil in Jodhpur district.

• Jaisalmer: Known for Lathi series, Akal Wood Fossil Park, and Badhaura sandstones.
• Jodhpur: Bap boulder bed is situated near Bap in Jodhpur district.
• Bikaner: Famous for lignite deposits (Palana).
• Hanumangarh: Characterized by Ghaggar alluvial plains.

The Great Boundary Fault (GBF) of Rajasthan runs in a NE-SW direction demarcating the Aravalli orogen from the Vindhyan sediments through Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, and Dholpur; it does not pass through Bhilwara.

• Kota: GBF passes through Kota.
• Chittorgarh: GBF originates and passes through Chittorgarh.
• Sawai Madhopur: GBF runs prominently through Ranthambhore/Sawai Madhopur.
• Bhilwara: The Great Boundary Fault does not pass through Bhilwara.

• Bangad refers to the semi-arid transition zone of Shekhawati and Nagaur.
• The Aravalli range forms the central mountain backbone of Rajasthan.
• Thar region forms the western arid sandy desert.
• The Vindhyan Scarpland ( ), composed of massive sandstone and limestone escarpments across Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Kota, and Bundi, forms a distinct physiographic subdivision of the South-Eastern Hadoti Plateau.