Due to its small seed size and finite endosperm reserve, pearl millet must be sown at a shallow depth of 2 to 3 cm to ensure robust seedling emergence.

• 2 cm: Too shallow; high surface soil evaporation risks seed desiccation before root anchorage.
• 3 cm: The recommended agronomic depth balancing moisture access and coleoptile emergence capability.
• 5 cm: Recommended for bolder seeds like maize and sorghum.
• 6 cm: Sowing pearl millet this deep causes severe emergence failure and poor plant stand.

Diclofop-methyl (trade name Illoxan 28 EC) is a selective post-emergence graminicide recommended in wheat at the rate of 0.70 to 1.0 kg a.i./ha at 30-35 DAS for control of wild oat and canary grass.

• 0.5-0.6 kg/ha: Sub-lethal dose providing inadequate control of Phalaris minor.
• 0.7-1.0 kg/ha: Standard approved dosage of diclofop-methyl in wheat agronomy.
• 1-1.3 kg/ha: Excessive dosage causing crop phytotoxicity.
• 4-1.7 kg/ha: Far above safe threshold.