Excavations conducted by the Swedish Archaeological Expedition (1952-1954) led by Dr. Hanna Rydh at Rangmahal (near Suratgarh, Hanumangarh) unearthed extensive botanical and ceramic evidence demonstrating specialized rice cultivation in the ancient Ghaggar-Saraswati floodplains during Kushan times.

• Wheat: Widely grown, but rice cultivation was the distinctive discovery at Rangmahal.
• Rice: Archeologically documented specific crop cultivation identified at the Rangmahal Kushan site.
• Bajra: Arid millet crop.
• Maize: American introduction, unknown in ancient India.

Tilwara, an important Mesolithic (Late Stone Age) site excavated by Dr. V.N. Misra in 1967-1968 yielding microliths and evidence of animal domestication, is situated on the bank of the Luni River in Barmer district.

• Belan: Famous prehistoric valley located in Uttar Pradesh.
• Ghagghar: Sites like Kalibangan and Rangmahal are located along this river.
• Kothari: Famous prehistoric Mesolithic site of Bagor (Bhilwara) is on its bank.
• Luni: Tilwara is located directly on the flood terraces of the Luni River in Barmer.