एकीकृत कीट प्रबंधन (IPM)

• In male orthopterans including grasshoppers, external genitalia (the aedeagus, phallobase, and parameres) develop from the ninth abdominal segment.
• The ninth abdominal sternum forms the boat-shaped subgenital plate that encloses and protects the genital chamber.
• In female grasshoppers, the ovipositor valves arise from both the 8th and 9th abdominal segments.
• Hence, male grasshopper external copulatory apparatus is localized exclusively to the 9th segment.

• Sponging mouthparts (characteristic of the housefly, Musca domestica) consist of a fleshy, retractile proboscis divided into three anatomical regions:
• Basiproboscis (proximal conical part) = Rostrum; Mediproboscis (middle cylindrical stalk) = Haustellum; and Distiproboscis (distal expanded sponge lobes) = Labellum.
• The haustellum carries the labrum-epipharynx and hypopharynx enclosing the food channel.
• Hence, mediproboscis is the exact anatomical synonym for the haustellum.

• The tentorium is an internal skeletal framework of the insect head formed by cuticular invaginations.
• It braces and rigidifies the cranial capsule, supports the brain and foregut, and serves as an attachment site for muscles moving the mouthparts and antennae.
• The exoskeleton of the head consists of external sclerites such as the vertex, frons, and clypeus.
• The epicranial suture is the inverted Y-shaped ecdysial suture, while the vertex is the region between the eyes.

This question was dropped/deleted by RPSC in the final answer key because Springtails belong to the order Collembola, whereas Thysanura comprises silverfish and bristletails; pairing Thysanurans with Springtails in option code 4 was scientifically erroneous.

• Thysanurans: Silverfish/bristletails (erroneously matched with Springtails/Collembola in key code).
• Anoplurans: Sucking lice (Pediculus).
• Siphonapterans: Fleas (Pulex, Xenopsylla).
• Mecopterans: Scorpionflies (Panorpa).