Definitions of solutions and osmotic properties:

• Saturated solution: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature $\rightarrow$ (III)
• Isotonic solutions: Two solutions possessing the exact same osmotic pressure at a given temperature $\rightarrow$ (IV)
• Binary solution: A homogeneous mixture containing exactly two chemical components (solute and solvent) $\rightarrow$ (I)
• Hypertonic solution: A solution with higher osmotic pressure relative to another solution $\rightarrow$ (II)
  Correct match: (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II).

For an association equilibrium $n\text{X} \rightleftharpoons (\text{X})_n$, the van 't Hoff factor ($i$) is related to the degree of association ($\alpha$) by:

Given $i = 0.80$ and $\alpha = 0.3$:

Analysis of statements regarding osmotic pressure:

• Correct: Osmotic pressure measurements are performed around room temperature where biomacromolecules like proteins are stable and do not undergo thermal denaturation.
• Correct: According to van 't Hoff equation, $\Pi = CRT = M R T$, so osmotic pressure is directly proportional to molarity ($M$).
• Correct: Reverse osmosis occurs when pressure applied to the solution exceeds the osmotic pressure, forcing solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane into pure solvent.
• Correct: Excessive salt intake leads to retention of water in interstitial tissues via osmosis, resulting in swelling termed edema.