The De Broglie wavelength of a particle of mass $m$ and kinetic energy $K$ is:
$$\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2 m K}}$$For particles having the identical kinetic energy $K$:
$$\lambda \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}$$Comparing the masses of the given particles:
- Electron: $m_e \approx 9.1 \times 10^{-31}\,\text{kg}$
- Proton: $m_p \approx 1\,\text{u}$
- Deuteron: $m_d \approx 2\,\text{u}$
- $\alpha$-particle: $m_\alpha \approx 4\,\text{u}$
Since the $\alpha$-particle has the largest mass, it possesses the shortest De Broglie wavelength. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
समान गतिज ऊर्जा $K$ वाले कणों के लिए दे ब्रॉग्ली तरंगदैर्घ्य:
$$\lambda = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2 m K}} \implies \lambda \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}$$कणों के द्रव्यमानों की तुलना:
- $m_e \ll m_p \lt m_d \lt m_\alpha$
चूँकि $\alpha$ कण ($m_\alpha \approx 4\,\text{u}$) का द्रव्यमान सबसे अधिक है, अतः इसकी दे ब्रॉग्ली तरंगदैर्घ्य सबसे कम होगी।