Q.59
ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Physical Science
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
English हिन्दी
Original design of tensiometer was first proposed by:
तनावमापी (tensiometer) का मूल डिज़ाइन सबसे पहले किसके द्वारा प्रस्तावित किया गया था?
EXPLANATION Soil Water Retention, Energy Concepts, Soil Water Potential, Retention Curves (pF) and Hysteresis

Historical evolution of the tensiometer:
Burton E. Livingston (1908) was the first plant physiologist to design porous porcelain cup atmometers and auto-irrigators operating on capillary suction principles, laying the foundational conceptual design of the tensiometer.
Later, Willard Gardner (1922) developed capillary tension potentiometers in soil physics.
Lorenzo A. Richards (1928, 1931) refined and popularized the modern field tensiometer with vacuum mercury manometers and porous ceramic cups.
Following the official NTA answer key, Option 3 (B. E. Livingston) is designated as the original pioneer.

तनावमापी (Tensiometer) के विकास का इतिहास:
बर्टन ई. लिविंगस्टन (B. E. Livingston, 1908) ने सबसे पहले छिद्रयुक्त चीनी मिट्टी के कप (porous porcelain cup atmometer) और केशिकीय तनाव पर आधारित ऑटो-इरीगेटर का डिज़ाइन प्रस्तुत किया था, जो आधुनिक तनावमापी का मूल आधार बना।
इसके पश्चात विलार्ड गार्डनर (1922) ने मृदा में तनाव मापन हेतु उपकरण विकसित किए।
एल. ए. रिचर्ड्स (L. A. Richards, 1928) ने आधुनिक फील्ड तनावमापी का मानकीकरण किया।
आधिकारिक NTA उत्तर कुंजी के अनुसार, विकल्प 3 (बी. ई. लिविंगस्टन) सही उत्तर है।

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