Both plant and animal cells contain some small organelles called 'peroxisomes', which are dedicated to the metabolism of substances such as
पादप और जंतु दोनों कोशिकाओं में 'परॉक्सिसोम' (peroxisomes) नामक कुछ छोटे कोशिकांग होते हैं, जो मुख्य रूप से किन पदार्थों के उपापचय (metabolism) के लिए समर्पित होते हैं?
Peroxisomes:
- Peroxisomes are single-membrane bound microbodies found in both plant and animal cells.
- They contain oxidative enzymes such as catalase, urate oxidase, and D-amino acid oxidase.
- Their primary metabolic functions include the $\beta$-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, metabolism of amino acids and polyamines, and the breakdown of toxic hydrogen peroxide ($\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$) into water and oxygen.
- In plants, specialized peroxisomes called glyoxysomes convert stored fats into carbohydrates (via the glyoxylate cycle) during seed germination, and leaf peroxisomes are involved in photorespiration ($C_2$ cycle) alongside chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Therefore, peroxisomes are dedicated to the metabolism of Fats and amino acids.
Correct Answer: Option 3 (Fats and amino acids).
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Peroxisomes (परॉक्सिसोम):
- Peroxisomes are single-membrane bound microbodies found in both plant and animal cells.
- They contain oxidative enzymes such as catalase, urate oxidase, and D-amino acid oxidase.
- Their primary metabolic functions include the $\beta$-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (वसा का ऑक्सीकरण), metabolism of amino acids (अमीनो अम्ल) and polyamines, and the breakdown of toxic hydrogen peroxide ($\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$) into water and oxygen.
- In plants, specialized peroxisomes called glyoxysomes convert stored fats into carbohydrates (via the glyoxylate cycle) during seed germination, and leaf peroxisomes are involved in photorespiration ($C_2$ cycle) alongside chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Therefore, peroxisomes are dedicated to the metabolism of Fats and amino acids (वसा और अमीनो अम्ल).
Correct Answer: Option 3 (Fats and amino acids).
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