ICAR AIEEA PG Animal Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Matching social concepts with their structural definitions:

• Class: An open stratification system defined primarily by socio-economic status, wealth, and access to and control over economic resources -> (A)-(V)
• Widow remarriage: Historically prohibited or viewed as a strict social taboo in traditional orthodoxy -> (B)-(III)
• Caste: A closed, rigid stratification system based entirely on birth and hereditary ascribed status -> (C)-(I)
• Cultural relativism: The sociological principle that beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture ('all cultures are valid within their context') -> (D)-(II)
• Lencioni theory: Patrick Lencioni's model describes organizational dysfunctions and behavioral deviance in teams -> (E)-(IV)

Historical facts regarding Indian livestock development schemes:

• Statement (A) is true: The Key Village Scheme (KVS, 1952) covered isolated pockets without integrated inputs or marketing; its limitations led directly to the formulation of the comprehensive Intensive Cattle Development Project (ICDP) in 1964-65.
• Statement (B) is false: The Technology Mission on Dairy Development (TMDD) was established in August 1988 (not 2005).
• Statement (C) is true: The Central Council of Gosamwardhan was established in 1952 by the Government of India to coordinate preservation and development of bovine cattle and reorganize traditional gaushalas into productive breeding/dairy centers.
• Statement (D) is false: Operation Flood was implemented in 3 phases (Phase I: 1970-1980, Phase II: 1981-1985, Phase III: 1985-1996).
• Statement (E) is false: The Special Livestock Breeding Programme (SLBP) was launched in 1975-76 during the Fifth Five-Year Plan.

Evaluation of farm management and financial project appraisal principles:

• Statement (A) is true: Integrated duck-cum-fish farming is a classic complementary farming enterprise where duck droppings fertilize the pond ecosystem to generate natural fish feed (phytoplankton/zooplankton) while ducks feed on aquatic weeds and snails.
• Statement (B) is false: A vertical value chain connects actors at different successive levels (input supply, production, processing, retail), whereas horizontal value chains link similar actors operating at the same stage of production.
• Statement (C) is false: Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) uses discounted cash flow techniques incorporating a social discount rate.
• Statement (D) is true: In financial feasibility studies, break-even output analysis determines when revenues begin covering costs, providing practical insight into the requisite gestation period and loan moratorium required before positive net cash flow is generated.

Functions and characteristics of non-parametric statistical tests:

• Chi-Square Test ($\chi^2$): Widely applied as a test of Goodness of Fit (comparing observed frequencies against theoretical expected frequencies) -> (A)-(III)
• McNemar Test: A non-parametric test used on paired nominal data in a $2 \times 2$ contingency table to test the statistical significance of changes (before-and-after studies) -> (B)-(IV)
• Friedman Test: Non-parametric alternative to randomized complete block design (Two-way analysis of variance by ranks) -> (C)-(II)
• Kruskal-Wallis Test: Non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA for comparing three or more independent groups (One-way analysis of variance by ranks) -> (D)-(I)