ICAR AIEEA PG Community Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Phulkari is the traditional folk embroidery of Punjab utilizing unspun silk floss (pat) on coarse homespun cotton (khaddar):

• Chope is a ceremonial red wedding wrap gifted by the maternal grandmother, embroidered with double running stitch.
• Tilpatra features sparse, sesame-seed like embroidered motifs.
• Suber is an auspicious bridal wrap worn during the wedding vows.
• Lep is a traditional wrapped winter quilt/sujani embroidery associated with Bengal and Bihar, not Punjab Phulkari.

Sewing machine needle sizing standards (Singer system / Metric):

• Size $11$ ($75$): Lightweight fabrics (chiffon, silk, voile)
• Size $14$ ($90$): Medium-weight fabrics (shirting, poplin, cotton percale)
• Size $16$ ($100$): Medium-heavy fabrics (denim, gabardine, tweed, corduroy)
• Size $18$ ($110$): Extra-heavy fabrics (heavy canvas, upholstery, dense wool)

Textile fiber classification:

• Glass fiber is an inorganic manufactured/synthetic fiber made by drawing molten silica into fine filaments.
• Azlon is a manufactured organic fiber made from regenerated natural proteins (casein, zein).
• Asbestos is a natural inorganic mineral fiber mined directly from silicate rock formations.
• Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex) is an organic manufactured synthetic polyamide fiber.