Q.48
ICAR AIEEA PG Forestry / Agroforestry 14 July 2023 Shift-1 Paper
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
The selection procedure that refers to the genotypes which are selected for resistance to insect-pest on the basis of physiological characteristics:
वह चयन प्रक्रिया जो उन जीनोटाइपों को संदर्भित करती है जिन्हें शारीरिक/कार्यिकीय विशेषताओं के आधार पर कीट-पतंगों के प्रति प्रतिरोध के लिए चुना जाता है:

Tree selection methods:

  • Recurrent selection cycles selection and intermating across generations.
  • Family selection selects entire family units based on family mean performance.
  • Direct selection selects directly for the target trait itself (e.g. measuring actual insect survival or damage).
  • Indirect selection: Selecting for an economic target trait (such as insect resistance) through a correlated secondary physiological or biochemical marker trait (e.g. high resin flow, tannin content, or anatomical trichome density) rather than measuring pest damage directly.

    Option breakdown:
  • Population improvement cycle.
  • Based on family means.
  • Direct evaluation of target trait.
  • Indirect selection uses secondary physiological traits to select for resistance.

पादप एवं वृक्ष प्रजनन में चयन की विधियाँ:

  • आवर्ती चयन: पीढ़ियों में चयन और संकरण की पुनरावृत्ति।
  • परिवार चयन: परिवार के औसत के आधार पर चयन।
  • प्रत्यक्ष चयन: सीधे कीट क्षति देखकर चयन करना।
  • अप्रत्यक्ष चयन (Indirect selection) सही उत्तर है। जब मुख्य लक्षण (कीट प्रतिरोध) का सीधे चयन न करके उससे जुड़े किसी द्वितीयक शारीरिक या जैव रासायनिक लक्षण (जैसे रेजिन स्राव, टैनिन की मात्रा या गंध) के आधार पर प्रतिरोधक जीनोटाइप चुने जाते हैं, तो इसे अप्रत्यक्ष चयन कहते हैं।

    विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:
  • गलत है।
  • गलत है।
  • प्रत्यक्ष चयन है।
  • अप्रत्यक्ष चयन सही उत्तर है।
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Forestry / Agroforestry & Silviculture विषय एवं अध्याय

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वनवर्धन, कृषि वानिकी, वन प्रबंधन, वृक्ष सुधार एवं वनोपज उपयोग

34 टॉपिक्स
Principles of Silviculture, Forest Ecology, Champion and Seth Forest Types of India and Phytosociology Forest Policy, Forest Legislation (Indian Forest Act 1927, Forest Conservation Act 1980, FRA 2006) and International Conventions Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs): Gums, Resins, Oleoresins, Tannins, Dyes, Fibers and Flosses Wildlife Conservation, Protected Area Network (National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves) and CITES Agroforestry Principles, Concepts, Classification (Agrisilviculture, Silvopasture, Agrosilvopasture) and Diagnostics (D and D) Agroforestry Systems: Alley Cropping, Windbreaks, Shelterbelts, Homegardens, Taungya and Shifting Cultivation Forest Genetics, Breeding Systems, Heritability, Genetic Gain and Heterosis in Forest Trees Forest Mensuration: Measurement of Tree Diameter, Girth, Height, Basal Area and Form Factors Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) from Forests: Identification, Harvesting, Processing and Active Principles Silviculture of Important Indian Trees: Teak, Sal, Shisham, Chir Pine, Deodar, Babul and Bamboo Forest Growth and Yield Modeling: CAI, MAI, Site Quality Index, Yield Tables and Stand Structure Seed Technology of Forest Trees: Seed Collection, Extraction, Testing, Certification and Seed Orchards (SSO, CSO) Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs (MPTs) in Agroforestry, Nitrogen Fixing Trees and Biomass Production Silvicultural Systems: High Forest Systems (Clear Felling, Shelterwood, Selection) and Coppice Systems Forest Tree Improvement, Provenance Testing, Plus Tree Selection and Progeny Testing सक्रिय Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood: Specific Gravity, Moisture Content, Shrinkage and Strength Classes Vegetative Propagation and Clonal Forestry: Macropropagation (Cuttings, Grafting) and Tissue Culture Forest Protection: Forest Fires (Types, Control, Firebreaks), Grazing Management and Encroachment Artificial Regeneration, Forest Nursery Practices, Containerized Seedlings and Plantation Techniques Environmental Forestry, Urban Forestry, Carbon Sequestration, REDD+, Climate Change Mitigation and Eco-Restoration Forest Harvesting, Logging Engineering, Felling Tools, Extraction, Skidding and Transport Forest Resource Assessment, National Forest Inventory, India State of Forest Report (ISFR) and Forest Statistics Silvicultural Practices: Thinning, Pruning, Weeding, Cleaning, Girdling and Canopy Management Tree-Crop Interactions: Microclimate Modification, Nutrient Cycling, Complementarity and Allelopathy Wood Anatomy and Structure: Gross Features, Microscopic Elements, Growth Rings, Sapwood and Heartwood Bamboo and Rattan (Cane) Management, Utilization, Propagation and Value Addition Wood Seasoning and Preservation: Air and Kiln Drying, Preservatives (CCA, Creosote) and Treatment Methods Forest Management Principles, Sustained Yield, Normal Forest Concept, Rotation and Increment Forest Working Plans: Preparation, Compartment History, Stock Mapping and Management Prescriptions Composite Wood and Wood-Based Panels: Plywood, Particle Board, Fiberboard and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Forest Surveying and Leveling: Chain, Compass, Plane Table, Theodolite and GPS Forest Yield Regulation: Area, Volume, Combined Methods (Von Mantels Formula, Austrian Formula) Natural Regeneration of Forest Trees, Seed Dispersal, Germination Biology and Coppice Systems Volume Estimation: Tree Volume Tables, Log Rules, Stacked Volume, Bark Thickness and Wood Biomass
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