📚 Official Curriculum & AI Taxonomy Guide

Agricultural Extension Education (Social Sciences & Management)

Deterministic two-level syllabus taxonomy (Subjects ➔ Chapters/Units + AI Keywords) with historical PYQ weightage and board examination patterns. Version: V1.

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Select Subject / Discipline:
All Subjects (Complete Syllabus) Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations Entrepreneurship Development Extension Methods & Farm Journalism Fundamentals of Extension Education and Programme Planning Gender Sensitization and Empowerment Information & Communication Technologies and Development Communication Management in Extension Market-Led Extension Research Methodology in Extension Education Training and Human Resource Development

⚙️ Exam Evaluation Pattern & Marking Scheme

Total Questions 100
Total Marks 300
Correct Answer +3
Negative Marking -1/3
Option Format: 5 Options (5th Option Mandatory: 'अनुत्तरित प्रश्न')

🤖 AI Extractor Directives & Mapping Rules

## Instructions for AI Question Extractor & Taxonomy Mapper

When extracting questions and generating Schema v2.0 JSON packages, the AI model MUST strictly adhere to the following deterministic taxonomy protocol:

### 1. Deterministic Ground-Truth ID Assignment
Every extracted question MUST be mapped using the exact database integer IDs from this specification:
- `subject_id`: Integer ID of the Part / Section (e.g., `64` for General Hindi).
- `subject_name`: Canonical title of the Part (e.g., `सामान्य हिन्दी`).
- `subject_slug`: Canonical slug of the Part (e.g., `general-hindi`).
- `chapter_id`: Integer ID from the **Topic ID** column (e.g., `451`).
- `chapter_name`: Canonical title from the **Topic Name** column.
- `chapter_slug`: Slug from the **Topic Slug** column.
- `subtopic_id`: Integer ID from the **Subtopics (Level 3)** column if an atomic subtopic matches, otherwise `null`.
- `subtopic_name`: Subtopic title if mapped, otherwise `null`.
- `subtopic_slug`: Subtopic slug if mapped, otherwise `null`.
- `key_concept`: The specific atomic concept tested by the question (e.g., 'वृद्धि स्वर संधि', 'नागौरी गाय की विशेषताएं', 'अमोनियम सल्फेट में नत्रजन प्रतिशत').

### 2. JSON Mapping Target Schema
```json
{
"subject_id": 64,
"subject_name": "सामान्य हिन्दी",
"subject_slug": "general-hindi",
"chapter_id": 451,
"chapter_name": "संधि एवं संधि-विच्छेद",
"chapter_slug": "sandhi",
"subtopic_id": null,
"subtopic_name": null,
"subtopic_slug": null,
"key_concept": "वृद्धि स्वर संधि",
"question_type": "mcq_single"
}
```

### 3. Core Extraction Rules
- **Strict Section Boundary Isolation**: Respect examination paper sections. Map Hindi questions strictly to Subject ID 64, Rajasthan GK questions to Subject ID 34, Agronomy questions to Subject ID 74, Horticulture to Subject ID 75, and Animal Husbandry to Subject ID 65. Never cross-map questions across disciplines.
- **Strict Canonical Hierarchy**: Map every question extracted from papers for this examination strictly to one of the canonical Units/Chapters listed in the tables below. Do not fabricate or invent new chapter names or IDs.
- **Question Format Auto-Detection**: Identify and classify the question format strictly:
- Standard 4 or 5 options with 1 correct key: `mcq_single`
- Contains Statement I and Statement II or multiple statements: `statement`
- Contains List I and List II or matching columns: `match_list`
- Requires chronological arrangement or step sequence: `chronological_order`
- Contains Assertion (A) and Reason (R): `assertion_reason`
- **Semantic Keyword Anchors**: Use the 'AI Recognition Keywords' listed in the tables as primary semantic triggers. Matching question stems and option terminologies against these keywords provides high-confidence taxonomy assignment.
- **Out of Syllabus Preservation**: If an extracted historical PYQ belongs to a topic marked with `[OUT_OF_SYLLABUS]`, map it to that designated unit and flag `is_out_of_current = 1`. This preserves year-on-year historical practice.
- **Bilingual Terminology**: Ensure both Hindi (Devanagari) and English scientific terms are recognized according to the bilingual titles and keyword lists provided.

Curriculum Units & AI Recognition Dictionary

Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Diffusion of Innovations Everett M Rogers Definition Elements Innovation Communication Channels Time Social System; Innovation-Decision Process Five Stages Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implementation Confirmation; Perceived Attributes of Innovations Relative Advantage Compatibility Complexity Trialability Observability; Adoption Rate S-shaped Diffusion Curve Innovativeness Over-adoption Re-invention Discontinuance
Keywords: Adopter Categories Normal Bell-shaped Distribution Innovators 2.5 Percent Early Adopters 13.5 Percent Early Majority 34 Percent Late Majority 34 Percent Laggards 16 Percent; Socioeconomic Personality Communication Characteristics of Adopter Categories; Opinion Leadership Sociometric Key Informant Self-designating Techniques Two-Step Multi-Step Flow of Information; Homophily vs Heterophily in Diffusion Networks Change Agent Roles Gatekeepers

Entrepreneurship Development

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Entrepreneurship Definition Concept Nature Entrepreneur vs Manager vs Intrapreneur Functions of Entrepreneur; Theories of Entrepreneurship Joseph Schumpeter Innovation Theory David McClelland Need for Achievement n-Ach Hagen Theory of Social Change; Entrepreneurial Characteristics Traits Competencies Risk-taking Persistence Information Seeking Systematic Planning; Entrepreneurship Development Programmes EDP Phases Pre-training Training Post-training Follow-up
Keywords: Agri-enterprises Agri-clinic and Agri-business Centers ACABC Scheme MANAGE Guidelines NABARD Refinancing Subsidy; Khadi and Village Industries Commission KVIC PMEGP Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme; Micro-enterprises MSME Registration Mudra Yojana SHG Micro-financing Micro-credit; Agri-business Project Feasibility Analysis Preparation of Bankable Detailed Project Report DPR

Extension Methods & Farm Journalism

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Extension Teaching Methods Individual Farm Home Visits Office Calls Telephone Personal Letters Group Method Demonstration Result Method Demonstration Group Discussion Field Trips Farmer Study Tours; Mass Contact Extension Methods General Meetings Campaign Exhibition Radio Television Print Media Social Media; Audio-Visual Aids Projected vs Non-projected Aids OHP LCD Projector Chalkboard Flannel Graph Flash Cards Flip Charts Posters; Edgar Dale Cone of Experience Direct Purposeful Experience to Verbal Symbols Retention Hierarchy
Keywords: Farm Journalism Scope Functions Definition Characteristics of Agricultural News Inverted Pyramid News Structure 5Ws and 1H; Farm Publications Leaflet Folder Bulletin Booklet Newsletter Farm Magazine Editing Proofreading Symbols; Radio and Television Scripting Storyboarding Spoken Language Style Community Radio Stations CRS Krishi Darshan; Photography in Extension Camera Types Composition Rule of Thirds Digital Image Editing Agricultural Illustration

Fundamentals of Extension Education and Programme Planning

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Extension Education Definition Philosophy Principles Non-formal Education Teaching Learning Process; Historical Evolution Term Extension Origin Cambridge UK Wanderlehrer Traveling Teachers Germany; Pre-independence Experiments Sriniketan Tagore Sevagram Gandhi Gurgaon Brayne Marthandam Hatch Firka Scheme; Post-independence Community Development Programme CDP 1952 National Extension Service NES 1953 Panchayati Raj Balwantrai Mehta Committee
Keywords: Modern Extension Approaches Training and Visit T and V Daniel Benor National Agricultural Technology Project NATP National Agricultural Innovation Project NAIP; Agricultural Technology Management Agency ATMA Registered Society District Level Strategic Research and Extension Plan SREP BTT FAC; Farmer Field Schools FFS Integrated Pest Management Discovery-based Learning; Participatory Rural Appraisal PRA Rapid Rural Appraisal RRA Mapping Transect Walk Venn Diagram Matrix Ranking Seasonality; Extension Programme Planning Steps Collection of Facts Analysis Objectives Solution Plan Execution Evaluation Reconsideration

Gender Sensitization and Empowerment

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Gender Concepts Sex Biological vs Gender Social Construct Gender Roles Productive Reproductive Community Roles; Gender Division of Labour Feminization of Agriculture Drudgery of Farm Women Time Use Studies; Gender Disparity Access to Land Credit Extension Technology Inputs Training; Women Empowerment Indicators Autonomy Decision-making Agency Control Over Resources
Keywords: Gender Analysis Frameworks Harvard Analytical Framework Moser Gender Planning Framework Triple Role Practical vs Strategic Gender Needs; Women Empowerment Framework Sara Longwe Naila Kabeer Social Relations Approach; Gender Mainstreaming Policies Programmatic Interventions Gender Budgeting in Agriculture; Empowerment through Self Help Groups SHGs Micro-enterprise NRLM Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana MKSP

Information & Communication Technologies and Development Communication

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Communication Process Definition Elements Sender Message Channel Receiver Feedback Fidelity Noise; Models of Communication Aristotle Speaker Speech Audience Shannon-Weaver Mathematical Model Berlo SMCR Model; Wilbur Schramm Interactive Field of Experience J P Leagans Extension Communication Model Communicator Message Channel Treatment Audience Response; Communication Fidelity Barriers Physical Physiological Psychological Semantic Environmental Fidelity Noise Reduction
Keywords: ICT in Agricultural Development Kisan Call Centers KCC 1800-180-1551 Level I II III Languages Response Portal; Private and Corporate Initiatives ITC e-Choupal Warana Wired Village Information Village M S Swaminathan Foundation; Government Portals AGRISNET AGMARKNET Farmer Portal MKisan SMS Portal Kisan Suvidha App; Digital Extension Technologies Expert Systems Decision Support Systems Mobile Telephony Precision Agriculture Drone Extension AI Generative Models

Management in Extension

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Extension Management Definition Functions Classical Behavioral Modern Approaches Authority Responsibility Accountability; Organizing Principles Scalar Chain Unity of Command Unity of Direction Span of Control Factors Influencing Span; Delegation of Authority Centralization vs Decentralization Departmentalization Line and Staff Relationships; Decision Making Process Rational Model Herbert Simon Administrative Bounded Rationality
Keywords: Logical Framework Approach LFA 4x4 Matrix Goal Purpose Outputs Activities Objectively Verifiable Indicators OVI Means of Verification MOV Assumptions; Management by Objectives MBO Peter Drucker Performance Standards Joint Goal Setting; Total Quality Management TQM Kaizen Continuous Improvement Quality Extension Services; Management Information System MIS Extension Monitoring Evaluation Input Output Outcome Impact Indicators

Market-Led Extension

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Market-Led Extension Shift from Production-led to Market-led Extension Role of Extension Professionals; Agricultural Market Intelligence Price Forecasting Demand Driven Production Marketing Decisions; Supply Chain Management Logistics Value Chain Analysis Post-harvest Handling Grading Standardization Packaging; Direct Marketing Farmer Consumer Direct Interface Rythu Bazaars Apni Mandi Uzhavar Sandhai
Keywords: Farmer Producer Organizations FPOs Farmer Producer Companies FPCs Formation Promotion SFAC NABARD Guidelines; Self Help Groups SHGs Microfinance Collective Marketing Women Producer Groups; Contract Farming Models Forward Contracts Tripartite Agreements Advantages Limitations; World Trade Organization WTO Agreement on Agriculture AoA Sanitary and Phytosanitary SPS Measures Technical Barriers to Trade TBT TRIPS Geographic Indications GI

Research Methodology in Extension Education

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Social Science Research in Extension Pure Applied Action Research Descriptive Diagnostic Ex-post Facto Evaluative Research; Variables Independent Dependent Intervening Extraneous Moderating Hypotheses Null Alternative Directional; MAXMINCON Principle Kerlinger Maximize Systematic Variance Minimize Error Variance Control Extraneous Variance; Research Designs Pre-experimental Quasi-experimental True Experimental Designs Ex-post Facto Design Cross-sectional Longitudinal
Keywords: Measurement in Extension Levels of Measurement Scale Construction Thurstone Equal-Appearing Intervals Likert Summated Ratings Scale Value Difference SVD Edwards Item Analysis t-Value Threshold; Guttman Scalogram Bogardus Social Distance Scale Osgood Semantic Differential; Reliability Test-Retest Split-half Parallel Forms Internal Consistency Validity Content Criterion-related Construct Validity; Social Statistics Parametric vs Non-parametric Correlation Pearson Spearman Rank Regression Chi-square Test Factor Analysis

Training and Human Resource Development

2 Chapters / Units
Keywords: Training in Extension Education Concept Objectives Principles Types Pre-service In-service Orientation Refresher Induction Training; Training Need Assessment TNA Methods Performance Gap Task Analysis Delphi Survey Organization Analysis; Training Design Curriculum Modules Objectives Session Plan Logistics Training Budget; Experiential Learning Theory David Kolb Cycle Concrete Experience Reflective Observation Abstract Conceptualization Active Experimentation Andragogy Malcolm Knowles
Keywords: Human Resource Development HRD in Agriculture Core Competencies Knowledge Skills Attitude Behavioral Interventions; Motivation Theories Need for Achievement David McClelland Maslow Hierarchy Intrinsic Extrinsic Motivation; Leadership Styles Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire Situational Leadership Transformational Leadership; Apex Extension Training Institutes National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management MANAGE Hyderabad NAARM EEIs Extension Education Institutes KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra Mandate OFT FLD
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