Bio-Programming: Object-Oriented Principles (C++/Java), Perl & BioPerl in Bioinformatics - Bioinformatics | Agrigyan

• Perl Array Functions:
• splice(): General-purpose function that modifies array elements by removing, replacing, or inserting items at any index. splice(@array, offset, length, list) is versatile for all array manipulations. (True)
• push(): Appends elements to the end of an array (not the beginning). To add items to the beginning, unshift() is used. (False)
• unshift(): Prepends elements to the beginning of an array (not the end). To append items to the end, push() is used. (False)
• Conclusion: Only (A) is true (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Only (A) is true

• Software Deterioration and Entropy (Pressman):
• Physical hardware wears out due to physical friction, heat, and environmental fatigue.
• Software does not suffer physical wear-out; however, it deteriorates over time as it evolves because:
• Repeated maintenance cycles, bug patches, and new feature requests introduce architectural entropy.
• Unanticipated side effects and dependencies emerge between interacting components, increasing complexity and error rates.
• Conclusion: Multiple change requests introduce errors in component interactions (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) Multiple change requests introduce errors in component interactions.

• Queue as a FIFO Data Structure:
• Queue: A linear data structure operating under the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) principle, where elements are enqueued at the rear and dequeued from the front.
• Stack: Operates under the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) principle (insertion and deletion at the same end/top).
• Linked List & Graph: Can support various access disciplines depending on pointer implementation.
• Conclusion: The FIFO data structure is Queues (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) Queues

• System Software vs. Application Software:
• System Software: Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for running application software. Windows 10 is an Operating System (System Software).
• Application Software: Programs designed to help end-users perform specific tasks, productivity work, or creative workflows:
• WordPad: Basic word processing application.
• Photoshop: Image editing and graphic design application.
• MS Excel: Spreadsheet and data calculation application.
• Conclusion: Windows 10 is NOT an application software (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Windows 10