Milk Fatty Acid Profiles: Short/Medium Chain Fatty Acids, Branched Chains & CLA Isomers - Dairy Chemistry | Agrigyan

1

Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.113)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Which of the following does not appear to be correct in relation to fats?

Animal fats tend to have less unsaturation and are therefore harder fats Coconut and palm kemel oil have short to medium chain saturated fatty acids causing these to be solid at room temperature Fats are a concem because they have a high caloric density of kcal/g 4. Fats are a medium of heat transfer and are used to thermally process number of food products

2

Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.120)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Number of chiral carbons in structure of cholestreol

4 6 8 10

General Agriculture

6 Topics

Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Milk Composition, Physical Properties, Salt Equilibria, Lactose & Water-Soluble Vitamins

5 Topics

Physical Properties of Milk: Density, Specific Gravity, Refractive Index & Freezing Point Depression Gross Composition & Species Variations (Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Camel, Human) Salt Equilibria in Milk: Calcium Phosphate Partitioning & Colloidal Stability Milk Plasma, Serum & Phase Distribution of Milk Constituents Lactose Chemistry: Structure, Isomerism (Alpha/Beta), Solubility, Mutarotation & Crystallization

Chemistry of Milk Proteins and Enzymes

5 Topics

Casein Fractionation: Alpha-s1, Alpha-s2, Beta & Kappa-Casein Molecular Structures Casein Micelle Supramolecular Architecture: Submicelle, Dual-Binding & Nanocluster Models Whey Proteins: Beta-Lactoglobulin, Alpha-Lactalbumin, Blood Serum Albumin & Proteose-Peptones Milk Bioactive Protective Proteins: Immunoglobulins, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase & Lysozyme Indigenous Milk Enzymes: Alkaline Phosphatase, Lipoprotein Lipase, Plasmin & Xanthine Oxidase

Chemistry of Milk Lipids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

4 Topics

Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM): Ultrastructure, Protein Markers & Polar Lipids Milk Fatty Acid Profiles: Short/Medium Chain Fatty Acids, Branched Chains & CLA Isomers Active Milk Lipid Oxidation: Autoxidation Free Radical Mechanisms, Hydroperoxides & Off-Flavors Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K), Carotenoids & Natural Antioxidants in Milk Fat

Milk Adulteration, Contaminant Analysis & Dairy Effluent Testing

2 Topics

Heavy Metals, Chemical Residues, Antibiotics, Pesticides & Aflatoxin M1 Detection Chemical Detection of Milk Adulterants: Urea, Starch, Neutralizers, Detergents & Foreign Sugars

Chemistry of Cream, Butter and Ghee

3 Topics

Cream Separation Physics, Fat Globule Size Distribution & Viscosity Ghee Chemistry: Manufacture, Clarification Temperature, Flavor (Carbonyls, Lactones) & Texture Butter Churning Theories (Fischer, King, Rahn) & Phase Inversion Dynamics

Heat Stability, Concentrated/Dried Milks & Indigenous Products Chemistry

6 Topics

Condensed & Evaporated Milk Chemistry: Protein Destabilization & Forewarming Effects Maillard Browning in Milk: HMF Formation, Furosine, Lysinoalanine & Advanced Glycation Milk Powder Chemistry: Glass Transition, Lactose Crystallization, Free Fat & Caking UHT Processing Chemistry: Heat-Induced Protein-Lipid Interactions & Age Gelation Mechanisms Indigenous Dairy Products Chemistry: Khoa, Chhana, Paneer, Rasogolla & Desiccated Sweets Milk Heat Stability: pH-Heat Coagulation Time (HCT) Curves, Urea & Mineral Influence

Chemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk Products

5 Topics

Milk Clotting Enzymatic Mechanisms: Chymosin Action on Kappa-Casein Phe105-Met106 Bond Cheese Ripening (Glycolysis, Proteolysis, Lipolysis) & Curd Syneresis Factors Coagulation Dynamics: Primary (Enzymatic) & Secondary (Calcium-Dependent Aggregation) Phases Processed Cheese Chemistry: Emulsifying Salts (Citrates, Phosphates) & Emulsion Stability Fermented Milk Products Chemistry: Dahi, Yoghurt, Lassi, Acid Gel Formation & Exopolysaccharides

Chemistry and Physics of Ice-Cream and Kulfi

3 Topics

Ice-Cream Colloidal Physics: Emulsion, Foam & Partial Ice Suspension Dynamics Cryoscopy of Frozen Desserts: Freezing Point Depression & Unfrozen Water Phase Role of Hydrocolloid Stabilizers, Emulsifiers, Overrun & Air Cell Stability

Dairy Quality Assurance, Standards, Traceability & Residue Regulations

3 Topics

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) & Quality Management Systems in Dairy Plants Codex Alimentarius, BIS Specifications & Agmark Standards for Dairy Commodities FSSAI Standards for Milk & Milk Products: Compositional & Safety Specifications

Instrumental & Analytical Techniques in Dairy Chemistry

4 Topics

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Rheometry & Spectrophotometry in Dairy Systems Chromatography (HPLC, GLC, TLC) in Dairy Lipids, Sugars & Residue Testing Mid-Infrared (MIR), Fourier Transform (FTIR) & Ultrasonic Milk Analyzers Electrophoresis (PAGE, IEF) & Mass Spectrometry in Milk Protein & Peptide Profiling

Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

120 Questions Bilingual

RPSC Agriculture Exams

4 Exams

Assistant Agriculture Officer Agriculture Officer RPSC Agriculture Research Officer RPSC AARO

RSSB Agriculture Exams

1 Exam

RSSB Agriculture Supervisor

National & PG Entrances

4 Exams

ICAR AIEEA PG CUET UG Rajasthan Agriculture Pre-PG ICAR JRF/SRF

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