Q33: Which of the following benefits are associated with High Pressure... - Heat Stability, Concentrated/Dried Milks & Indigenous Products Chemistry - Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 | Agrigyan

खंड अ: सामान्य कृषि Milk Composition, Physical Properties, Salt Equilibria, Lactose & Water-Soluble Vitamins Chemistry of Milk Proteins and Enzymes Chemistry of Milk Lipids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins Milk Adulteration, Contaminant Analysis & Dairy Effluent Testing Chemistry of Cream, Butter and Ghee Heat Stability, Concentrated/Dried Milks & Indigenous Products Chemistry Chemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk Products Chemistry and Physics of Ice-Cream and Kulfi Dairy Quality Assurance, Standards, Traceability & Residue Regulations Instrumental & Analytical Techniques in Dairy Chemistry

33

Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

MCQ (Single Correct)

Which of the following benefits are associated with High Pressure Processing (HPP) technology in food preservation?
(A).Reduction of food spoilage by inhibiting enzymatic activity.
(B).Enhancement of food safety by eliminating all types of microorganisms
(C).Retention of food texture, color, and flavor.
(D) Shortening of the shelf life of perishable foods.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (6) only (A), (C) only. (A), (B), (C) and (D). (B), (C) and (D) only.

खंड अ: सामान्य कृषि 20
Milk Composition, Physical Properties, Salt Equilibria, Lactose & Water-Soluble Vitamins 16
Chemistry of Milk Proteins and Enzymes 11
Chemistry of Milk Lipids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins 7
Milk Adulteration, Contaminant Analysis & Dairy Effluent Testing 9
Chemistry of Cream, Butter and Ghee 7
Heat Stability, Concentrated/Dried Milks & Indigenous Products Chemistry 19
Chemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk Products 10
Chemistry and Physics of Ice-Cream and Kulfi 3
Dairy Quality Assurance, Standards, Traceability & Residue Regulations 8
Instrumental & Analytical Techniques in Dairy Chemistry 10

खंड अ: सामान्य कृषि

6 टॉपिक्स

शस्य विज्ञान, जुताई एवं फसल उत्पादन कृषि कीट विज्ञान, सूत्रकृमि विज्ञान एवं फसल सुरक्षा मृदा विज्ञान, पादप पोषण एवं सुधार कोशिका विज्ञान, पादप कार्यिकी एवं जैव रसायन कृषि मौसम विज्ञान एवं जलवायु विज्ञान फसल आनुवंशिकी, पादप प्रजनन एवं आईपीआर

Milk Composition, Physical Properties, Salt Equilibria, Lactose & Water-Soluble Vitamins

5 टॉपिक्स

Physical Properties of Milk: Density, Specific Gravity, Refractive Index & Freezing Point Depression Gross Composition & Species Variations (Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Camel, Human) Salt Equilibria in Milk: Calcium Phosphate Partitioning & Colloidal Stability Milk Plasma, Serum & Phase Distribution of Milk Constituents Lactose Chemistry: Structure, Isomerism (Alpha/Beta), Solubility, Mutarotation & Crystallization

Chemistry of Milk Proteins and Enzymes

5 टॉपिक्स

Casein Fractionation: Alpha-s1, Alpha-s2, Beta & Kappa-Casein Molecular Structures Casein Micelle Supramolecular Architecture: Submicelle, Dual-Binding & Nanocluster Models Whey Proteins: Beta-Lactoglobulin, Alpha-Lactalbumin, Blood Serum Albumin & Proteose-Peptones Milk Bioactive Protective Proteins: Immunoglobulins, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase & Lysozyme Indigenous Milk Enzymes: Alkaline Phosphatase, Lipoprotein Lipase, Plasmin & Xanthine Oxidase

Chemistry of Milk Lipids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

4 टॉपिक्स

Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM): Ultrastructure, Protein Markers & Polar Lipids Milk Fatty Acid Profiles: Short/Medium Chain Fatty Acids, Branched Chains & CLA Isomers Milk Lipid Oxidation: Autoxidation Free Radical Mechanisms, Hydroperoxides & Off-Flavors Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K), Carotenoids & Natural Antioxidants in Milk Fat

Milk Adulteration, Contaminant Analysis & Dairy Effluent Testing

2 टॉपिक्स

Heavy Metals, Chemical Residues, Antibiotics, Pesticides & Aflatoxin M1 Detection Chemical Detection of Milk Adulterants: Urea, Starch, Neutralizers, Detergents & Foreign Sugars

Chemistry of Cream, Butter and Ghee

3 टॉपिक्स

Cream Separation Physics, Fat Globule Size Distribution & Viscosity Ghee Chemistry: Manufacture, Clarification Temperature, Flavor (Carbonyls, Lactones) & Texture Butter Churning Theories (Fischer, King, Rahn) & Phase Inversion Dynamics

Heat Stability, Concentrated/Dried Milks & Indigenous Products Chemistry

6 टॉपिक्स

Condensed & Evaporated Milk Chemistry: Protein Destabilization & Forewarming Effects Maillard Browning in Milk: HMF Formation, Furosine, Lysinoalanine & Advanced Glycation Milk Powder Chemistry: Glass Transition, Lactose Crystallization, Free Fat & Caking UHT Processing Chemistry: Heat-Induced Protein-Lipid Interactions & Age Gelation Mechanisms सक्रिय Indigenous Dairy Products Chemistry: Khoa, Chhana, Paneer, Rasogolla & Desiccated Sweets Milk Heat Stability: pH-Heat Coagulation Time (HCT) Curves, Urea & Mineral Influence

Chemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk Products

5 टॉपिक्स

Milk Clotting Enzymatic Mechanisms: Chymosin Action on Kappa-Casein Phe105-Met106 Bond Cheese Ripening (Glycolysis, Proteolysis, Lipolysis) & Curd Syneresis Factors Coagulation Dynamics: Primary (Enzymatic) & Secondary (Calcium-Dependent Aggregation) Phases Processed Cheese Chemistry: Emulsifying Salts (Citrates, Phosphates) & Emulsion Stability Fermented Milk Products Chemistry: Dahi, Yoghurt, Lassi, Acid Gel Formation & Exopolysaccharides

Chemistry and Physics of Ice-Cream and Kulfi

3 टॉपिक्स

Ice-Cream Colloidal Physics: Emulsion, Foam & Partial Ice Suspension Dynamics Cryoscopy of Frozen Desserts: Freezing Point Depression & Unfrozen Water Phase Role of Hydrocolloid Stabilizers, Emulsifiers, Overrun & Air Cell Stability

Dairy Quality Assurance, Standards, Traceability & Residue Regulations

3 टॉपिक्स

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) & Quality Management Systems in Dairy Plants Codex Alimentarius, BIS Specifications & Agmark Standards for Dairy Commodities FSSAI Standards for Milk & Milk Products: Compositional & Safety Specifications

Instrumental & Analytical Techniques in Dairy Chemistry

4 टॉपिक्स

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Rheometry & Spectrophotometry in Dairy Systems Chromatography (HPLC, GLC, TLC) in Dairy Lipids, Sugars & Residue Testing Mid-Infrared (MIR), Fourier Transform (FTIR) & Ultrasonic Milk Analyzers Electrophoresis (PAGE, IEF) & Mass Spectrometry in Milk Protein & Peptide Profiling

Dairy Chemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

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