Q.1
Dairy Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.26)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
Headquarter of WTO is at
Q.2
Dairy Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.27)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
How many principles are there to develop HACCP system ?
Q.3
Dairy Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.39)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
The year of establishment of National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat is.

Dairy Microbiology Subjects

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General Agriculture

6 Topics
Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Scope and History of Microbiology

5 Topics
Bacterial Cell Ultrastructure: Peptidoglycan Architecture, Teichoic Acids & Periplasmic Transport Microbial Energetics & Membrane Transport: PEP-PTS Systems, ABC Transporters & PMF Microscopy in Dairying: Light, Fluorescence, Confocal, SEM, TEM & Specimen Preparation Microbial Taxonomy & Phylogeny: Polyphasic Taxonomy & 16S rRNA Molecular Classification Bacterial Growth Kinetics: Growth Phases, Specific Growth Rate, Generation Time & Chemostats

Microbial Genetics

5 Topics
Recombinant DNA Technology, PCR Primers & Metagenomics: DGGE & Amplicon Sequencing Molecular Genetics of Dairy Microorganisms: Central Dogma, Replication, Transcription & Translation Mutation & DNA Repair: Missense, Nonsense, Frameshift Mutations & Excision Repair Systems Horizontal Gene Transfer in Dairy Microbes: Conjugation, Transduction & Transformation Plasmids, Transposons & Phage Resistance: Dairy Plasmids (pSN2, pTRK2030) & Abortive Infection

Microbiological Quality of Milk

6 Topics
Raw Milk Microflora & Spoilage Dynamics: Succession from Bactericidal Stage to Acidification Milk-Borne Bacterial Pathogens & Zoonoses: Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria, E. coli O157:H7 & S. aureus Thermoduric & Thermophilic Microorganisms: Microbacterium, Sporeformers & 55°C Incubation Dairy Biofilms & Surface Adhesion: EPS Matrix, Quorum Sensing & CIP Sanitation Resistance Microbial Defects in Concentrated & Dried Milks: Mold Buttons, Bloat (Clostridium) & Bitterness Psychrotrophic Microflora & Cold-Chain Spoilage: Pseudomonas Heat-Stable Lipases & Proteases

Microbiology of Processed Foods

5 Topics
Food Biopreservation: Bacteriocins, Nisin, Pediocin, Mode of Action & GRAS Regulatory Status Radiation Microbiology: Non-Ionizing (UV, IR) vs Ionizing (Gamma, E-Beam) & Radiation Resistance Packaging Microbiology: Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), Active Scavengers & Vacuum Spoilage Hurdle Technology & Intermediate Moisture Foods: Multi-Target Preservation & Homeostasis Milk Protective Systems & Bioactive Peptides: Lactoferrin, LP System & Antimicrobial Peptides

Starter Cultures and Probiotics

6 Topics
Cheese Microbiology & Ripening Flora: Starter vs NSLAB, Late Gas Defect & Flavor Development Probiotics Selection & Gastrointestinal Survival: Acid/Bile Tolerance (F1F0-ATPase) & FSSAI Standards Flavor Biogenesis in Fermented Milks: Diacetyl, Acetaldehyde (Threonine Pathway) & Acetoin Dairy Yeasts & Molds: Geotrichum candidum, Kluyveromyces & Ripening Fungi Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Taxonomy & Hexose Fermentation: Homofermentative vs Heterofermentative Dairy Starter Culture Propagation: Media (Litmus Chalk Milk), Phage Control & Strains

Quality Assurance

5 Topics
Indicator Organisms of Dairy Sanitation: Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, E. coli & Enterococci Microbiological Sampling Plans & Statistical Standards: Two-Class, Three-Class Plans & FSSAI Limits Active Rapid Detection & Biosensors in Dairy Microbiology: Optical, SPR, Piezoelectric & Impedance Sensors Commercial Sterility & Aseptic Quality Assurance: Sterility Testing, Incubation Protocols & Spores Biosafety in Dairy Laboratories: Biosafety Levels (BSL-1 to BSL-4) & M. tuberculosis Containment

Fermentation Technology

5 Topics
Bioreactor Design & Operating Modes: Batch, Fed-Batch, Chemostats & Continuous Fermentation Industrial Dairy Bioproducts & Enzymes: Microbial Rennet, Beta-Galactosidase & Biomass Production Fermentation Pathways & Bioenergetics: Alcoholic, Lactic & Mixed Acid Pathways, Pyruvate Fate Diagnostic Selective & Differential Media: Baird-Parker, XLD, EMB & Biochemical Identifications Solid State (SSF) vs Submerged Fermentation (SmF): Aeration, Energy Consumption & Downstream
Official PYQ Papers

Previous Year Papers of Dairy Microbiology

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10 Major Agriculture Exams Available

RPSC Agriculture Exams

5 Exams
Food Safety Officer Assistant Agriculture Officer Agriculture Officer RPSC Agriculture Research Officer RPSC AARO

RSSB Agriculture Exams

1 Exam
RSSB Agriculture Supervisor

National & PG Entrances

4 Exams
ICAR AIEEA PG CUET UG Rajasthan Agriculture Pre-PG ICAR JRF/SRF