Conjugation: Direct transfer of genetic material (plasmid or chromosomal DNA) from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium through physical cell-to-cell contact mediated by a sex pilus (conjugation tube). (Correct answer)
Transposition: Movement of discrete mobile genetic elements called transposons ("jumping genes") from one genomic location to another within the same cell, catalyzed by transposase.
Transfection: Artificial introduction of foreign naked nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into eukaryotic host cells using non-viral chemical or physical techniques.
Transduction: Horizontal gene transfer between bacterial cells mediated by a bacteriophage (viral vector), occurring without direct physical contact between the bacteria.
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Q.2
Food and Nutrition- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.19)
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
EDV (Essentially Derived Varieties) are those which are derived from
Essentially Derived Variety (EDV): Under international plant breeders' rights (UPOV and PPV&FR Act), an EDV is defined as a variety predominantly derived from an initial variety, retaining its essential genotype characteristics, generated through genetic engineering (transformation), induced mutation, somaclonal variation, or repeated backcrossing. (Correct answer)
Crossing two commercial varieties: Represents standard conventional hybridization that generates new recombinant genetic combinations, not an EDV.
Introduced hybrid: Represents an exotic germplasm introduction.
Wide hybridization with wild relatives: Pre-breeding introgression, not an EDV.
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Food and Nutrition (Community Science (Home Science)) Subjects
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