Q.1
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Anthropogenic N deposition decreases fungal diversity, biomass and respiration
Statement (II) : Increase in N deposition leads to increased carbon sequestration
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- Impact of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Ecosystems:
- Statement (I) is true: Elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition ($N$ enrichment from fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion) acidifies soil and shifts microbial community composition, significantly decreasing soil fungal diversity, mycorrhizal biomass, and overall microbial heterotrophic respiration.
- Statement (II) is true: High nitrogen availability suppresses the synthesis of extracellular oxidative enzymes (such as laccases and peroxidases) produced by white-rot basidiomycetes that degrade recalcitrant lignin. Consequently, soil organic matter decomposition is inhibited, leading to increased soil carbon sequestration and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems.
- Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true (Option 1).
Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
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