Q.1
Most commonly used biocontrol agents in India is
- Prominent Biocontrol Fungi in Indian Agriculture:
- Trichoderma harzianum: The most widely manufactured, registered, and applied fungal biocontrol agent in India (along with Trichoderma viride).
- Mechanisms of Antagonism: Controls soil-borne plant pathogens (Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium, Sclerotium) through mycoparasitism (producing chitinases and $eta$-glucanases), antibiosis (trichodermin, gliotoxin), rhizosphere competition, and systemic induced resistance (ISR).
- Other Agents: Nomuraea rileyi and NPV are entomopathogens targeting insect larvae; Pythium oligandrum is not widely used commercially in India.
- Conclusion: Trichoderma harzianum is the most commonly used biocontrol agent (Option 2).
Correct option: (2) Trichoderma harzianum
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