Green Building & Sustainable Architecture: GRIHA, LEED, ECBC Codes, Low-Cost Building Materials & Insulation - Resource Management and Consumer Science (Community Science (Home Science)) | Agrigyan

• Family Ecosystem Perspective: Boundaries and Interfaces:
• Assertion (A): In the ecosystem perspective of a family, the area which separates a system area of influence from that of other systems is known as a boundary. $\implies$ Correct.
• In human ecological systems theory, a system boundary is an imaginary or tangible perimeter that demarcates the system (family) from its suprasystem (community, environment), regulating energy and information flow.
• Reason (R): A common or shared boundary between systems is called an interface. $\implies$ Correct.
• An interface is the specific point or zone where two systems or subsystems meet and interact (e.g., family-school interface, family-market interface).
• Conclusion: Both (A) and (R) are correct (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Both (A) and (R) are correct

• International Earth Day Observance:
• Calendar Date: 22nd April is observed globally each year as Earth Day.
• Historical Background: First celebrated on April 22, 1970, initiated by US Senator Gaylord Nelson, giving birth to the modern environmental movement and leading to the creation of the US EPA and passage of landmark environmental protection laws worldwide.
• Other Dates:
• 22nd March: World Water Day
• 22nd May: International Day for Biological Diversity
• 5th June: World Environment Day
• Conclusion: 22nd April (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) 22nd April

• Classification of Man-Made Engineered Building Materials:
• (i) Fly Ash bricks: Man-made manufactured bricks produced through mechanical compaction and autoclaving of industrial fly ash, sand/stone dust, lime, and gypsum.
• (iii) Reinforced concrete (RCC): Man-made composite engineering material embedding high-tensile steel rebars inside a formulated portland cement-aggregate paste.
• (iv) Calcium silicate plaster: Synthetic chemical plaster engineered from slaked lime, silica, and water under hydrothermal pressure.
• (ii) Non-erodible mud plaster is a traditional stabilized natural earthen mix using raw clay, cow dung, and bitumen, classified under vernacular/natural earthen building techniques rather than industrial man-made synthetics.
• Conclusion: i, iii, and iv only (Option 4).

Correct option: (4) i, ili, and iv only