Veterinary Anatomy- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Osteology of the Equine Sternum:
• The equine sternum (breastbone) resembles a canoe or ship's keel (laterally compressed cranial carina).
• It is composed of unsegmented sternebral cartilages and ossified segments:
• In the adult horse, there are 7 sternal segments / sternebrae (or associated with 8 pairs of true/sternal ribs).
• nalysis:
• (Seven): Correct number of sternal segments.

Correct option: (3) Seven

• Comparative Anatomy of the Patellar Ligament:
• Dog and Cat: Possess a single, strong patellar ligament (patellar tendon) extending from the distal apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.
• Large Ruminants and Horse: Possess three patellar ligaments (medial, middle, and lateral patellar ligaments), adapted for the passive stay apparatus and patellar locking mechanism.
• nalysis:
• (One): Correct number in dogs.

Correct option: (1) One

• Neonatal Hypothermia Pathophysiology:
• Assertion (A): Hypothermia is a major cause of perinatal mortality in newborn calves, lambs, and piglets. (True).
• Reason (R): Neonates possess an immature, poorly integrated hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, combined with a large surface-area-to-body-mass ratio, wet hair coat at birth, and minimal subcutaneous adipose reserves. They are unable to maintain homeothermic body core temperature in cold ambient environments. (True).
• nalysis:
• Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) provides the physiological explanation for (A). Hence, Option 1 is correct.