Epigenetic Gene Regulation: DNA Methylation, Histone Code & Non-Coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA) - Veterinary Biochemistry | Agrigyan

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Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.62)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
Which type of amino acid can get acetylated within the N-terminal regions of histone proteins?

Veterinary Biochemistry Subjects

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General Agriculture

6 Topics
Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Biomolecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

2 Topics
Biophysical Principles of Biomolecular Conformation: Ramachandran Plot & Thermodynamic Stability Nucleic Acid Structures (A/B/Z-DNA, Quadruplexes) & Sequence-Specific Protein-DNA Interactions

Cell Organization, Biomembranes, Chromatin & Acid-Base Buffers

1 Topic
Fluid Mosaic Biomembrane Architecture, Transport Mechanisms & Glycocalyx

Cellular Basis of Animal Physiology

2 Topics
Cellular Ultrastructure, Nucleolus, Membrane Transport & Glycocalyx Body Fluid Compartments (ICF vs ECF), Osmolality & Starling Forces

Blood and Circulation

1 Topic
Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis (Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow) & Blood Indices

Cell Biology

2 Topics
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Regulation: Cyclins, CDKs, Checkpoints (G1/S, G2/M) & Senescence Membrane Ultrastructure, Lipid Rafts & Macromolecular Translocation across Membranes

Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids

4 Topics
Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Stereochemistry & Reducing Sugar Dynamics Homopolysaccharides & Heteropolysaccharides (Mucopolysaccharides/GAGs) Fatty Acid Classification, Saturated vs Unsaturated & Trans-Fatty Acids Simple, Complex & Derived Lipids: Phospholipids, Sphingolipids & Glycolipids

Chemistry of Amino Acids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

2 Topics
Amino Acid Classification, Physicochemical Properties, Zwitterions & Isoelectric Point Peptide Bond Formation & Primary/Secondary/Tertiary/Quaternary Protein Structure

Fundamental Cellular Processes

3 Topics
DNA Repair Pathways: Base/Nucleotide Excision, Non-Homologous End Joining & Homologous Recombination Translation Mechanisms, Ribosome Subunits, Polysome Profiling & Translational Ribosomal Stalling Epigenetic Gene Regulation: DNA Methylation, Histone Code & Non-Coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA) Active

Respiration

1 Topic
Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Partial Pressures (Venous pO2 40 mmHg) & V/Q Matching

Enzymology

4 Topics
Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification, Proenzymes (Zymogens) & Isoenzymes Enzyme Classification (EC System 1-7), Nomenclature & Coenzymes/Cofactors Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive, Non-Competitive, Uncompetitive & Irreversible Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten Model, Lineweaver-Burk Plot, Km & Vmax

Excretion

2 Topics
Renal Functional Anatomy, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) & Renal Clearance Endocrine Regulation of Renal Function: Aldosterone (Distal Tubule), ADH & ANP

Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism

5 Topics
Glycolytic Pathway, Pyruvate Oxidation & Aerobic/Anaerobic Energetics Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt, Uronic Acid Pathway & Gluconeogenesis De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Triacylglycerol & Phospholipid Biosynthesis Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA/Krebs) Cycle, Amphibolic Nature & Anaplerosis Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis & Reciprocal Regulation

Digestion

2 Topics
Ruminant Pre-Gastric Fermentative Digestion: Rumen Ecology, Holotrichs & VFAs Nutrient Absorption Mechanisms across Rumen, Small Intestine & Large Intestine

Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Methods

2 Topics
Molecular Cloning Strategies: Restriction-Modification, Linkers/Adaptors & Directional Ligation Genomic & cDNA Library Construction, Screening & Ribosome-Bound Transcriptome Probing

Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology

2 Topics
Primary Cell Culture vs Established Cell Lines: Media Formulation, Sera & Subculturing Protocols Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T Cell Engineering & Therapeutic Antibody Production

Molecular Biology & Recombinant DNA Technology

4 Topics
DNA Replication in Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes: Enzymes, Okazaki Fragments & Proofreading DNA Damage, Mutations & Repair Systems (BER, NER, Mismatch, Double-Strand) Transcription Mechanisms, RNA Polymerases, Promoters & Post-Transcriptional Processing Gene Expression Regulation: Lac Operon, Trp Operon & Eukaryotic Transcription Factors

Muscle Physiology

1 Topic
Muscle Energetics, Fiber Types (Red vs White), Rigor Mortis & Muscle Fatigue

Embryo Transfer and Related Techniques

2 Topics
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), Microinjection & Animal Cloning Milestones Transgenic Animal Production: Microinjection, Retro-viral Vectors, Stem Cells & Gene Farming

Nervous System

1 Topic
Motor Control & Cerebellar Coordination: Cerebellum as Error-Correcting Device

Nutritional & Endocrine Biochemistry

4 Topics
Peptide & Steroid Hormones: Classification, Biosynthesis & Signal Transduction Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K): Chemistry, Biological Role & Deficiency Water-Soluble Vitamins (B-Complex, Vitamin C): Coenzymatic Roles & Deficiency Metabolic Integration in Well-Fed, Starvation, Lactation & Diabetes Mellitus

Tissue & Organ System Biochemistry and Organ Function Tests

2 Topics
Muscle, Bone & Connective Tissue Biochemistry: Mineralization & Contraction Energetics Hepatic Function Tests: Bilirubin Metabolism, Jaundice, Transaminases & Alkaline Phosphatase

Analytical & Molecular Biochemical Techniques

2 Topics
Chromatography: Gel Filtration, Ion-Exchange, Affinity, TLC & HPLC Spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism) & Mass Spectrometry

Reproduction and Lactation

2 Topics
Male Reproductive Physiology: Spermatogenesis, Sertoli Cells & Pheromones Female Reproductive Cyclicity: Two vs Three Wave Estrous Cycles & Ovulation

Environmental Pollution, Detoxification & Cancer Biochemistry

2 Topics
Phase I & Phase II Xenobiotic Biotransformation: Cytochrome P450 & Conjugations Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Free Radicals, Antioxidant Systems (SOD, Catalase, GPx)

Climate Physiology

1 Topic
Climatic Heat Stress in Domestic Livestock: Heat Tolerance Indices at 65% RH

Molecular Immunology

1 Topic
Immunoglobulin Superfamily: Isotypes, Variable Domain Genetics & Somatic Hypermutation
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