Edwards medium is highly selective medium for the streptococci... | Agrigyan

General Agriculture Veterinary Helminthology Introduction, History and Etiology General Bacteriology Veterinary Public Health Milk Hygiene Veterinary Entomology Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis Systematic Bacteriology Meat Hygiene General Virology Systematic Virology Mycology Parasitic Zoonoses Zoonoses Immunology Management of Livestock Parasitism Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology Environmental Hygiene Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology) Epidemiology Immunoparasitology Clinical Pathology Systemic Pathology Pathology of Infectious Diseases Avian Pathology Nutritional and Production Pathology
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Veterinary Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)

Edwards medium is highly selective medium for the streptococci and contain:

(A) . Crystal violet
(B) . Aesculin
(C) . Thallous sulphate
(D) . Tellurite

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Veterinary Microbiology Subjects

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General Agriculture

5 Topics
Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection

General Bacteriology

4 Topics
Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms, Pathogenicity Islands, Bacterial Toxins (Anthrax Toxins, Enterotoxins) & LPS Mutants Bacterial Morphology, Ultrastructure, Cell Wall Chemistry & Special Staining Techniques (Gram, ZN, MZN, Dienes) Historical Milestones in Microbiology (Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Fleming & Pioneering Discoveries) Bacterial Physiology, Growth Kinetics, Nutrition (Phototrophs, Autotrophs) & Bacterial Genetics (Conjugation, Transduction)

Introduction, History and Etiology

1 Topic
Historical Milestones in Pathology (Morgagni Seats and Causes of Disease, Virchow, Metchnikoff) & General Etiology

Veterinary Helminthology

2 Topics
Trematode Morphology, Systematic Classification & Fluke Biology (Fasciola, Gigantocotyle, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum) Bursate Nematodes (Order Strongylida: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Ancylostoma, Syngamus, Metastrongylus)

Veterinary Public Health

1 Topic
VPH Concepts, Historical Milestones, Intersectoral Collaboration & One Health Paradigm

Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis

3 Topics
Circulatory Disturbances: Hyperaemia, General Chronic Passive Congestion, Nutmeg Liver & Brown Induration of Lung Edema Pathophysiology, Starling Forces, Hydropericardium & Ascites Portal Hypertension Cell Death: Irreversible Hypoxic Injury, Apoptosis & Necrosis Types (Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fibrinoid)

Milk Hygiene

2 Topics
Dairy Microbiology, Spoilage Microorganisms & Microbial Ecology of Raw Milk (Pseudomonas, Psychrotrophs, Alcaligenes) Milk Processing, HTST Pasteurization, UHT, In-Bottle Sterilization & Thermal Death Kinetics

Systematic Bacteriology

8 Topics
Endospore-Forming Bacilli & Clostridial Diseases (Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi) Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Attaching-Effacing E. coli, Salmonella Serotypes, Klebsiella, Enterobacter) Gram-Positive Pyogenic Cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwards Medium) Active Rickettsiales & Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii, Neorickettsia) Coryneform Bacteria, Listeria & Erysipelothrix (Listeria monocytogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Rhodococcus equi) Pasteurellaceae & Avian Gram-Negative Bacteria (Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia, Riemerella anatipestifer New Duck Disease) Fastidious Gram-Negative Coccobacilli & Zoonotic Pathogens (Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, Campylobacter, Francisella) Mollicutes & Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (Mycoplasma mycoides, Chlamydia psittaci, Reticulate vs Elementary Bodies)

Veterinary Entomology

4 Topics
Diptera: Nematocera Vector Flies (Culicoides, Phlebotomus, Simulium, Mosquito Vectors & Transmission) Diptera: Brachycera & Cyclorrhapha (Tabanus, Chrysops, Stomoxys, Haematobia, Musca) Phthiraptera: Sucking & Chewing Lice Biology, Morphology & Host Specificity (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Bovicola, Menopon) Acarology: Mites, Mange & Scab Infestation (Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella, Dermanyssus)

General Virology

5 Topics
Viral Pathogenesis, Cytopathic Effects (CPE), Cytoskeletal Actin Disruption & Intestinal Tropism (Crypt vs Villus) Viral Morphology, Architecture, Capsid Symmetries, Envelopes & Segmented/Non-Segmented Genomes Viral Replication Cycles, Cultivation, Plaque Assay, Reverse Transcription (Hepadnaviruses) & Trypsin Cleavage Historical Milestones in Virology (Landsteiner, Shope, d'Herelle, Enders, Andrewes & Laidlaw) Antiviral Chemotherapy, Prodrug Activation (Aciclovir Thymidine Kinase) & Antiviral Resistance Mechanisms

Meat Hygiene

1 Topic
Antemortem Inspection, Judgement Categories & Disease Diagnosis in Live Animals

Systematic Virology

5 Topics
Segmented RNA Viruses (Orthomyxoviridae Influenza, Reoviridae Rotavirus/Bluetongue, Birnaviridae IBDV, Bunyaviridae) DNA Viruses of Veterinary Importance (Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Asfarviridae African Swine Fever, Parvoviridae) Non-Segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses (Rhabdoviridae Rabies, Paramyxoviridae Newcastle/Rinderpest/Distemper) Positive-Sense RNA Viruses (Picornaviridae FMDV, Flaviviridae Classical Swine Fever, Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae) Retroviruses (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus, Avian Leukosis, Lentiviruses) & Prions (Scrapie, BSE)

Mycology

4 Topics
Dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, Macroconidia & Favic Chandeliers) General Mycology Principles, Fungal Ultrastructure, Growth Requirements & Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus) Systemic & Opportunistic Molds (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger Head Morphology, Conidiophore Vesicles) Mycotoxins & Fungal Intoxications (Fusarium Fumonisin B1 Equine Leukoencephalomalacia, Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins)

Parasitic Zoonoses

2 Topics
Arthropod, Crustacean & Pentastomid Zoonoses (Linguatula serrata, Armillifer, Visceral Pentastomosis, Sarcoptic Zoonoses) One Health Surveillance, Epidemiological Classification (Xenonoses, Eupanzoonoses) & Zoonosis Prevention

Zoonoses

1 Topic
Classification & Ecology of Zoonoses (Cyclozoonoses, Metazoonoses, Direct Zoonoses, Pherozoonoses, Xenozoonoses)

Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology

1 Topic
Cellular Adaptive Responses (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia & Dysplasia)

Environmental Hygiene

1 Topic
Water Quality Standards, Purification Technologies (Rapid Sand Filtration) & Chlorination Chemistry (DPD Assay, Dechlorination)

Immunology

5 Topics
Cytokines, Interferons (Type I IFN-alpha/beta, Type II IFN-gamma, Type III IFN-lambda) & Superantigen Activation Historical Milestones in Immunology (Burnet, Medawar, Dausset HLA, Miller Thymus, Steinman Dendritic Cells, Buchner Alexin) Lymphoid Organs, Cells of Immune System, Spleen Blood Filtration & Immunological Adjuvants (ISCOMs, Liposomes) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC / HLA / H-2), Antigen Processing, T-Cell Restriction (Doherty & Zinkernagel) Complement Pathways, Regulatory Proteins (Decay Accelerating Factor DAF / CD55), Serology & CFT Dilution Titers

Management of Livestock Parasitism

2 Topics
Anthelmintic Pharmacology & Probenzimidazoles (Febantel, Netobimin, Thiophanate, Levamisole, Macrocyclic Lactones) Acaricides, Insecticides, Semio-chemicals & Integrated Vector Baits (Pyrethroids, Amitraz, IGRs, Poison Baits)

Epidemiology

2 Topics
Basic Principles, Disease Ecology, Epidemiological Triad, Natural Nidality & Endemic Baseline Measures of Association (Relative Risk, Odds Ratio), Diagnostic Test Evaluation (Sensitivity, Specificity, NPV) & NIVEDI

Immunoparasitology

1 Topic
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Parasitic Pathology (Type I, Type II in Babesiosis/Malaria, Type III Immune Complexes, Type IV)

Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology)

3 Topics
Diagnostic Molecular Probes, Formamide Tm Modulation, RNA Interference (Fire & Mello) & Monoclonal/Bispecific Antibodies Vaccine Technology, Bacterial/Viral Formulations, DNA Vaccines, Attenuation & Lyophilization Logistics Quality Assurance, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP Scope), Cleanroom Standards & Biosafety in Microbiological Facilities

Clinical Pathology

1 Topic
Erythrocyte Kinetics, Erythropoiesis Sequence & Regenerative Anemia (Polychromasia, Macrocytosis, Nucleated RBCs)

Systemic Pathology

1 Topic
Pathology of Digestive System: Primary Tympany Bloat, Rumenitis, Enteritis & Hepatic Cirrhosis

Pathology of Infectious Diseases

2 Topics
Bacterial Infectious Pathology: Anthrax (Blackberry Jam Spleen), Bovine Tuberculosis Caseocalcareous Granuloma Viral Infectious Pathologies: Rinderpest (Stomatitis Enteritis Syndrome) & Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Avian Pathology

2 Topics
Avian Oncogenic Viral Diseases: Marek's Disease (Neurolymphomatosis), Lymphoid Leukosis Big Liver & Sarcoma Complex Avian Paramyxovirus & Birnavirus Infections: Newcastle Disease Pathotypes (Velogenic) & Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)

Nutritional and Production Pathology

1 Topic
Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency Pathologies: White Muscle Disease, Mulberry Heart Disease, Hepatosis Dietetica, Encephalomalacia
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