Q.1
Veterinary Pathology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.120)
MCQ (Single Correct)
Samples from deep seated visceral organs for cytological studies are collected by:

Veterinary Pathology Subjects

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General Agriculture

5 Topics
Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection

General Bacteriology

3 Topics
Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms, Pathogenicity Islands, Bacterial Toxins (Anthrax Toxins, Enterotoxins) & LPS Mutants Bacterial Morphology, Ultrastructure, Cell Wall Chemistry & Special Staining Techniques (Gram, ZN, MZN, Dienes) Bacterial Physiology, Growth Kinetics, Nutrition (Phototrophs, Autotrophs) & Bacterial Genetics (Conjugation, Transduction)

Introduction, History and Etiology

1 Topic
Historical Milestones in Pathology (Morgagni Seats and Causes of Disease, Virchow, Metchnikoff) & General Etiology

Veterinary Helminthology

2 Topics
Trematode Morphology, Systematic Classification & Fluke Biology (Fasciola, Gigantocotyle, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum) Bursate Nematodes (Order Strongylida: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Ancylostoma, Syngamus, Metastrongylus)

Veterinary Public Health

1 Topic
VPH Concepts, Historical Milestones, Intersectoral Collaboration & One Health Paradigm

Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis

5 Topics
Cell Death: Irreversible Hypoxic Injury, Apoptosis & Necrosis Types (Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fibrinoid) Edema Pathophysiology, Starling Forces, Hydropericardium & Ascites Portal Hypertension Thrombosis, Virchow's Triad, Embolism, Infarction & Blood Coagulation Cascade (Prothrombin to Fibrin) Circulatory Disturbances: Hyperaemia, General Chronic Passive Congestion, Nutmeg Liver & Brown Induration of Lung Cellular Degenerations, Amyloidosis, Calcinosis Circumscripta (Dystrophic vs Metastatic Calcification)

Milk Hygiene

2 Topics
Dairy Microbiology, Spoilage Microorganisms & Microbial Ecology of Raw Milk (Pseudomonas, Psychrotrophs, Alcaligenes) Milk Processing, HTST Pasteurization, UHT, In-Bottle Sterilization & Thermal Death Kinetics

Systematic Bacteriology

2 Topics
Endospore-Forming Bacilli & Clostridial Diseases (Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi) Rickettsiales & Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii, Neorickettsia)

Veterinary Entomology

4 Topics
Diptera: Nematocera Vector Flies (Culicoides, Phlebotomus, Simulium, Mosquito Vectors & Transmission) Diptera: Brachycera & Cyclorrhapha (Tabanus, Chrysops, Stomoxys, Haematobia, Musca) Phthiraptera: Sucking & Chewing Lice Biology, Morphology & Host Specificity (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Bovicola, Menopon) Acarology: Mites, Mange & Scab Infestation (Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella, Dermanyssus)

General Virology

1 Topic
Viral Replication Cycles, Cultivation, Plaque Assay, Reverse Transcription (Hepadnaviruses) & Trypsin Cleavage

Inflammation and Healing

3 Topics
Acute Inflammation Dynamics, Vascular Events, Cardinal Signs (Rubor, Calor) & Anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, C5a) Cellular Events in Inflammation, Leukocyte Emigration, Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis & Inflammatory Exudates Chronic Inflammation, Pyogranulomatous Reactions (Macrophages, Epithelioid, Neutrophils) & Granuloma Formation

Meat Hygiene

1 Topic
Antemortem Inspection, Judgement Categories & Disease Diagnosis in Live Animals

Immunopathology

2 Topics
Autoimmune Pathologies: Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA), Spherocytes & Autoagglutination Hypersensitivity Reactions in Tissue Pathology (Type I-IV) & Immune Complex Fibrinoid Vasculitis

Systematic Virology

2 Topics
DNA Viruses of Veterinary Importance (Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Asfarviridae African Swine Fever, Parvoviridae) Non-Segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses (Rhabdoviridae Rabies, Paramyxoviridae Newcastle/Rinderpest/Distemper)

Genetically Determined Diseases

1 Topic
Congenital Anomalies & Cardiovascular Malformations (Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular Septal Defects)

Mycology

1 Topic
General Mycology Principles, Fungal Ultrastructure, Growth Requirements & Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus)

Parasitic Zoonoses

2 Topics
Arthropod, Crustacean & Pentastomid Zoonoses (Linguatula serrata, Armillifer, Visceral Pentastomosis, Sarcoptic Zoonoses) One Health Surveillance, Epidemiological Classification (Xenonoses, Eupanzoonoses) & Zoonosis Prevention

Zoonoses

1 Topic
Classification & Ecology of Zoonoses (Cyclozoonoses, Metazoonoses, Direct Zoonoses, Pherozoonoses, Xenozoonoses)

Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology

3 Topics
Neoplasia General Pathology, Benign vs Malignant Tumors, Histological Nomenclature, Staging & Tumor Grading Specific Animal Neoplasms: Canine Round Cell Tumors (Mast Cell, TVT, Histiocytoma) & Antitumor CTL Immunity Cellular Adaptive Responses (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia & Dysplasia)

Environmental Hygiene

1 Topic
Water Quality Standards, Purification Technologies (Rapid Sand Filtration) & Chlorination Chemistry (DPD Assay, Dechlorination)

Immunology

1 Topic
Cytokines, Interferons (Type I IFN-alpha/beta, Type II IFN-gamma, Type III IFN-lambda) & Superantigen Activation

Management of Livestock Parasitism

2 Topics
Anthelmintic Pharmacology & Probenzimidazoles (Febantel, Netobimin, Thiophanate, Levamisole, Macrocyclic Lactones) Acaricides, Insecticides, Semio-chemicals & Integrated Vector Baits (Pyrethroids, Amitraz, IGRs, Poison Baits)

Epidemiology

2 Topics
Basic Principles, Disease Ecology, Epidemiological Triad, Natural Nidality & Endemic Baseline Measures of Association (Relative Risk, Odds Ratio), Diagnostic Test Evaluation (Sensitivity, Specificity, NPV) & NIVEDI

Immunoparasitology

1 Topic
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Parasitic Pathology (Type I, Type II in Babesiosis/Malaria, Type III Immune Complexes, Type IV)

Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology)

1 Topic
Vaccine Technology, Bacterial/Viral Formulations, DNA Vaccines, Attenuation & Lyophilization Logistics

Post-mortem Diagnosis and Histopathological Techniques

2 Topics
Necropsy Techniques, Post-Mortem Lesion Evaluation & Post-Mortem Artefacts vs Antemortem Changes Histopathological Staining Protocols & Diagnostic Visceral Cytology (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology FNAC, Biopsy) Active

Clinical Pathology

2 Topics
Erythrocyte Kinetics, Erythropoiesis Sequence & Regenerative Anemia (Polychromasia, Macrocytosis, Nucleated RBCs) Diagnostic Clinical Enzymology, Leukogram Interpretations & Toxic Basophilic Stippling in RBCs

Systemic Pathology

3 Topics
Pathology of Digestive System: Primary Tympany Bloat, Rumenitis, Enteritis & Hepatic Cirrhosis Pathology of Urinary, Genital & Integumentary Systems: Nephritis, Metritis & Pinworm Anal Pruritus (Oxyuris equi) Pathology of Endocrine & Nervous Systems: Pituitary Adenoma, Cushing's, Hypothyroidism Cretinism, Fibrous Osteodystrophy

Pathology of Infectious Diseases

3 Topics
Bacterial Infectious Pathology: Anthrax (Blackberry Jam Spleen), Bovine Tuberculosis Caseocalcareous Granuloma Viral Infectious Pathologies: Rinderpest (Stomatitis Enteritis Syndrome) & Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Bacterial Respiratory & Cutaneous Pathologies: Glanders / Equine Farcy (Burkholderia mallei)

Avian Pathology

5 Topics
Avian Oncogenic Viral Diseases: Marek's Disease (Neurolymphomatosis), Lymphoid Leukosis Big Liver & Sarcoma Complex Avian Paramyxovirus & Birnavirus Infections: Newcastle Disease Pathotypes (Velogenic) & Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Avian Bacterial & Spirochaetal Pathologies: Avian Spirochaetosis (Borrelia anserina) & Infectious Sinusitis (Mycoplasma) Avian Adenoviral Pathologies: Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara Disease FAdV-4, Basophilic Inclusion Bodies) Avian Metabolic & Cardiopulmonary Pathologies: Broiler Ascites Syndrome & Pulmonary Hypertension

Nutritional and Production Pathology

2 Topics
Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency Pathologies: White Muscle Disease, Mulberry Heart Disease, Hepatosis Dietetica, Encephalomalacia Production Diseases of Ruminants: Ketosis (Acetonemia, Negative Energy Balance), Milk Fever & Hypocalcemia

Pathology of Toxicosis

1 Topic
Mycotoxic Pathology: Aflatoxicosis (Groundnut Poisoning), Ochratoxicosis, Degnala Disease & ELEM Fumonisin B1

Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory and Wild Animals

1 Topic
Pathology of Laboratory Rodents, Lagomorphs & Wildlife: Tularemia in Rabbits (Francisella tularensis)
Official PYQ Papers

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