Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology (2024)

General Agriculture

20 Questions (2024) 16.7% Exam Weightage

Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation

2024 12 questions 10.00% weightage

Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production

2024 4 questions 3.33% weightage

Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

2024 4 questions 3.33% weightage

General Medicine

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

General Systemic States: Pathogenesis of Septicemia, Toxemia, Bacteremia & Pyemia

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

General Pharmacology

17 Questions (2024) 14.2% Exam Weightage

Principles of Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Plasma Protein Binding & Vd

2024 7 questions 5.83% weightage

Drug Biotransformation: Phase I, Phase II Non-Microsomal & Microsomal CYP450 Enzymes

2024 5 questions 4.17% weightage

Physicochemical Factors: Drug Ionization, pKa, Henderson-Hasselbalch Kinetics & Membrane Permeation

2024 3 questions 2.50% weightage

Excretion of Drugs: Renal Clearance, Glomerular Filtration & Biliary Elimination

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Pharmacodynamics: Drug-Receptor Theories, Agonists, Antagonists & Dose-Response Curves

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

General Surgery

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Surgical Suture Materials: Synthetic Absorbable vs Polyamide/Nylon & Needle Selection

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Veterinary Gynaecology

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Functional Anatomy & Histology of Female Genitalia: Ovaries, Oviducts (Peg Cells) & Cervix (Sialomucin)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Pregnancy Diagnosis: Rectal Palpation, Membrane Slip, Placentomes & Biomarkers

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Congenital & Developmental Anomalies: White Heifer Disease, Freemartinism & Intersexuality

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Anaesthesia

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Anaesthetic Monitoring, Neonatal Hypothermia & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Comparative Splanchnology

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Accessory Digestive Organs: Liver, Scythe-Shaped Spleen in Equines & Canine Pancreas

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Diagnosis of Animal Diseases

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Diagnostic Ultrasonography: Principles, Probes & Soft-Tissue Imaging in Farm Animals

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

General Anesthetics: Inhalation Anesthetics (Halothane, Isoflurane) & MAC

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Central Stimulants, Anticonvulsants & Euthanatizing Agents

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Accidents during Gestation

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Gestational Pathology: Hydrallantois (Bloated Bull Frog) vs Hydramnios (Bulldog Calf)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Fetal Death: Maceration, Mummification (Trimester & Bone Resorption) & Embryonic Mortality

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Drugs Acting on Humoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Cholinergic Transmission: Muscarinic & Nicotinic Agonists, Anticholinesterases & Antidotes

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha-Blockers (Tolazoline, Prazosin) & Beta-Blockers

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Gastroenterology

4 Questions (2024) 3.3% Exam Weightage

Ruminal Tympany (Bloat): Pathogenesis of Frothy vs Free-Gas Bloat, Trocarization & Emergency Rumenotomy

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Equine Colic: Etiology, Spasmodic, Impaction, Tympanitic & Strangulating Obstructions

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Enteritis, Secretory vs Malabsorptive Diarrhea & Dysentery in Farm Animals

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Hepatic Diseases: Hepatocellular, Hemolytic & Obstructive Jaundice, Hepatitis & Hepatic Lipidosis

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Myology, Angiology, Neurology and Aesthesiology of Ox

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Myology of Head, Neck & Trunk: Digastricus (Two Bellies), Sublumbar & Prepubic Tendon

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Peripheral Neurology & Clinical Nerve Blocks: Mental, Mandibular & Sweeney (Suprascapular)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Diseases of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary System

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Pulmonary Congestion, Edema, Epistaxis & Hemoptysis in Animals

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Pulmonary Emphysema, Atelectasis & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Respiratory Pharmacology: Bronchodilators (Beta-2 Agonists, Methylxanthines) & Mucolytics

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Orthopaedics and Lameness

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Joint Affections: Coxo-Femoral Dislocation (Antero-Dorsal in Cattle) & Cranial Drawer Sign (CCL)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Patellar Affections: Upward Fixation of Patella (Medial Patellar Desmotomy) & Canine Patellar Luxation

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Andrology

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Functional Anatomy & Histology of Male Genital Tract: Testes, Epididymis & Glands

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Spermatogenesis, Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle & Duration across Domestic Species

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Sperm Morphology & Viability: Primary vs Secondary Sperm Abnormalities & Staining

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Diseases of Urinary, Nervous, Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Renal Pathology: Acute & Chronic Renal Failure, Nephrosis & Glomerulonephritis

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Drugs Acting on Digestive System

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Gastric & Ruminal Pharmacology: Antacids, H2-Blockers, PPIs & Ruminal Buffers

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

General and Systemic Histology and Ultrastructure

4 Questions (2024) 3.3% Exam Weightage

Histology of Lymphoid Organs & Serosa: Peritoneal Mesothelium & Thymic Hassall's Corpuscles

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Muscle & Nervous Tissue Histology: Microglia (CNS Macrophages) & Auerbach's Plexus

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Histology of Digestive & Respiratory: Serous Demilunes, Brunner's Glands & Type II Pneumocytes

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Surgery of Head and Neck Region

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Laryngeal & Pharyngeal Surgery: Equine Laryngeal Hemiplegia (Roaring), Ventriculectomy & Tracheotomy

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Developmental Anatomy

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Fertilization, Cleavage Types (Meroblastic Discoidal in Birds) & Blastocyst Sequence

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Placentology & Fetal Remnants: Canine Zonary Endotheliochorial & Umbilical Vein Remnant

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Drugs Acting on Urogenital System

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Diuretics: Osmotic (Mannitol), Loop Diuretics (Furosemide), Thiazides & Potassium-Sparing

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Urinary Antiseptics: Methenamine Mandelic Acid, Nitrofurantoin & Urinary Acidifiers

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Therapeutics of Prostatic Disorders & Urinary Incontinence (Finasteride, PPA)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Thoracic Surgery

2 Questions (2024) 1.7% Exam Weightage

Thoracic Anatomy (7 Sternal Vertebrae in Horse, Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament) & Approaches

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs: Greater Curvature Necrosis & Gastropexy

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Urolithiasis & Urinary Surgery: Calculi at Goat Urethral Process, Tube Cystostomy & Urethrostomy

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Udder & Teat Surgery: Teat Lacerations, Teat Spider, Canal Obstruction & Mastectomy

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Endocrine Pharmacology

9 Questions (2024) 7.5% Exam Weightage

Adrenocortical Steroids: Glucocorticoids (Short vs Long-Acting) & Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms

2024 3 questions 2.50% weightage

Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones: GnRH Analogues (Gonadorelin), Buserelin & Somatotropin

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Pancreatic Hormones: Insulin Formulations, Synthesis Pathway & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs: Levothyroxine (L-T4), Liothyronine (L-T3) & Methimazole

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Reproductive Hormones: Estrogens, Progestins, Androgens & Antiprogestins

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Autacoids

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes & Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Zafirlukast)

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Vasoactive Peptides & Mediators: Kinins, Serotonin, Nitric Oxide & Endothelin

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): COX-1 vs COX-2 Selective & Dual Inhibitors

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Chemotherapy

15 Questions (2024) 12.5% Exam Weightage

Fluoroquinolones: Mechanism, Cartilage Toxicity in Young Animals & Extra-Label Restrictions

2024 4 questions 3.33% weightage

Tetracyclines & Chloramphenicol: Chelation, Divalent Cations, Teeth Staining & Bone Marrow Effects

2024 3 questions 2.50% weightage

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Penicillins, Cephalosporins & Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Anthelmintics, Antiprotozoals & Anticoccidials: Benzimidazoles, Macrocyclic Lactones & Robenidine

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Aminoglycosides & Aminocyclitols: Gentamicin, Amikacin & Phosphatidylinositol Toxicity

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Macrolides, Lincosamides & Streptogramins: Ribosomal Subunit 50S Peptidyl-tRNA Dissociation

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Sulfonamides & Trimethoprim: Folate Synthesis Inhibition, Crystalluria & Surface-Acting Agents

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Antifungal & Antiviral Agents: Azoles, Polyenes, Griseofulvin & Acyclovir

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Neuroanatomy

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Gross Morphology of Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum (Peduncles, Trapezoid Body) & Brainstem

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Toxicology

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

General Principles of Toxicology: Toxicity Ratings, Toxicokinetics & Antidotal Therapeutics

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Phytotoxicoses & Plant Poisonings: Cyanide, Nitrates, Oxalates & Glucosides

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Equine Reproduction

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Stallion Reproduction: Andrology, Breeding Management, Copulation Duration & Semen AI

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Miscellaneous Topics

3 Questions (2024) 2.5% Exam Weightage

Extra-Label Drug Use (AMDUCA) & Prohibited Substances in Food Animals

2024 2 questions 1.67% weightage

Veterinary Drug Delivery Systems: Transdermal, Sustained-Release & Nanomedicine

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage

Canine and Feline Reproduction

1 Question (2024) 0.8% Exam Weightage

Canine Estrous Cycle: Vaginal Cytology & Progesterone Ovulation Timing

2024 1 questions 0.83% weightage