Drugs Acting on Digestive System

• Pathogenesis of Acute Tubular Necrosis (Nephrosis):
• Nephrosis refers to non-inflammatory degenerative lesions and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium.
• Nephrotoxins are the leading cause:
• Heavy metals (arsenic, lead, mercury).
• Pharmaceuticals (aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin, amphotericin B, NSAIDs).
• Plant and fungal nephrotoxins (oak tannins, oxalates, ochratoxin A).
• Toxicants concentrate within renal proximal tubular cells, directly causing cellular swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and acute tubular necrosis leading to acute oliguric renal failure.
• nalysis:
• (Nephrotoxins): Correct primary cause.

Correct option: (3) Nephrotoxins

• Evaluation of Antrycide Pro-Salt in Trypanosomiasis (Surra):
• Assertion (A): Antrycide pro salt is used for the therapy and prophylaxis of trypanosomiasis.
• True. Antrycide Pro-salt is widely employed in livestock for both immediate clinical treatment and extended chemoprophylaxis against Trypanosoma evansi.
• Reason (R): Initial short and rapid protection from trypanosomiasis is offered by Quinapyramine chloride, followed by prophylactic effect by Quinapyramine sulfate later.
• False (Inverted): Antrycide Pro-salt is a combination of two salts:

• Quinapyramine sulfate (soluble): Rapidly absorbed, providing immediate curative therapeutic action.
• Quinapyramine chloride (insoluble): Precipitates at the injection site and is slowly absorbed over months, providing long-term prophylaxis.
  • The statement in Reason reverses these roles.

• nalysis:
• ((A) is true but (R) is false): Correct.