At the neuromuscular synapse, Ca“ ions are necessary to | Agrigyan

Q.1

Veterinary Physiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.72)

MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

At the neuromuscular synapse, Ca“ ions are necessary to

Bind the transmitter with the postsynaptic receptor Facilitate diffusion of the transmitter to the postsynaptic membrane Split the transmitter in the cleft, thus deactivating the transmitter Fuse the presynaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane, thus releasing the transmitter

Q.2

Veterinary Physiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.89)

Match the Following +4 −1

Match List with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

List - I		List - II
A	Vtamin C Vtamin C	I	Superoxide dismutase Superoxide dismutase
B	Vitamin E Vitamin E	II	Peroxidase Peroxidase
C	Vitamin A Vitamin A	III	Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10
D	Ubiquinones Ubiquinones	IV	Catalase Catalase

(A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (NN), (D) - (I) (A) - (I), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III) (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (HL) (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (I)

General Agriculture

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Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Biomolecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

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Biophysical Principles of Biomolecular Conformation: Ramachandran Plot & Thermodynamic Stability Nucleic Acid Structures (A/B/Z-DNA, Quadruplexes) & Sequence-Specific Protein-DNA Interactions

Cellular Basis of Animal Physiology

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Cellular Ultrastructure, Nucleolus, Membrane Transport & Glycocalyx Body Fluid Compartments (ICF vs ECF), Osmolality & Starling Forces Intercellular Communication, Ion Channels (K+ Delayed Rectifier) & Signalling

Blood and Circulation

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Cardiac Electrophysiology, Conduction Pathway (SA to Purkinje) & ECG (T-Wave) Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis (Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow) & Blood Indices Hemoglobin Chemistry, Oxygen Dissociation & Carrying Capacity (15 g/dl Hb) Hemostasis, Coagulation Cascade, Factor XIII (Fibrin-Stabilizing) & Anticoagulants Cardiac Cycle, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure & Glossopharyngeal Baroreceptors

Cell Biology

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Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids

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Chemistry of Amino Acids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

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Amino Acid Classification, Physicochemical Properties, Zwitterions & Isoelectric Point

Fundamental Cellular Processes

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DNA Repair Pathways: Base/Nucleotide Excision, Non-Homologous End Joining & Homologous Recombination Translation Mechanisms, Ribosome Subunits, Polysome Profiling & Translational Ribosomal Stalling Epigenetic Gene Regulation: DNA Methylation, Histone Code & Non-Coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA)

Respiration

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Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Partial Pressures (Venous pO2 40 mmHg) & V/Q Matching Chemical & Neural Control of Breathing: Medullary Centers, Vagus Stimulation & Reflexes Avian Respiratory Physiology: Air Sacs (Unidirectional Airflow) & Non-Collapsible Lungs

Enzymology

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Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification, Proenzymes (Zymogens) & Isoenzymes Enzyme Classification (EC System 1-7), Nomenclature & Coenzymes/Cofactors Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive, Non-Competitive, Uncompetitive & Irreversible Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten Model, Lineweaver-Burk Plot, Km & Vmax

Excretion

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Endocrine Regulation of Renal Function: Aldosterone (Distal Tubule), ADH & ANP Renal Functional Anatomy, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) & Renal Clearance Tubular Reabsorption, Secretion & Bovine Urine Osmolality (1000-1400 mOsm/kg) Countercurrent Multiplier, Medullary Hyperosmolarity (Urea Recycling) & Water Balance

Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism

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Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA/Krebs) Cycle, Amphibolic Nature & Anaplerosis

Digestion

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Ruminant Pre-Gastric Fermentative Digestion: Rumen Ecology, Holotrichs & VFAs Gastrointestinal Motility, Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC Pacemaker) & Enteric Control Reticulo-Ruminal Motility, Rumination, Eructation & Gaseous Bloat Mechanics Nutrient Absorption Mechanisms across Rumen, Small Intestine & Large Intestine

Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Methods

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Molecular Cloning Strategies: Restriction-Modification, Linkers/Adaptors & Directional Ligation Genomic & cDNA Library Construction, Screening & Ribosome-Bound Transcriptome Probing

Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology

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Primary Cell Culture vs Established Cell Lines: Media Formulation, Sera & Subculturing Protocols Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T Cell Engineering & Therapeutic Antibody Production

Muscle Physiology

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Neuromuscular Synapse: Ca2+ Influx, Acetylcholine Release & Endplate Potentials Active Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Sarcoplasmic Ca2+ Release, Troponin C & Cross-Bridges Muscle Energetics, Fiber Types (Red vs White), Rigor Mortis & Muscle Fatigue

Embryo Transfer and Related Techniques

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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), Microinjection & Animal Cloning Milestones Transgenic Animal Production: Microinjection, Retro-viral Vectors, Stem Cells & Gene Farming

Nervous System

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Sensory Physiology: Olfactory Transmission, Vestibular Canals & Tapetum Lucidum Motor Control & Cerebellar Coordination: Cerebellum as Error-Correcting Device Synaptic Transmission, Neurotransmitters, Excitatory (EPSP) & Inhibitory (IPSP) Events Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Receptor Mechanisms

Endocrinology

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Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Axis, Somatotropin (GH), IGF-1 & Nutrient Partitioning Hormone Classes, Receptors, Second Messengers & Pancreatic Receptor Ligands Adrenal Cortex & Medulla: Aldosterone, Glucocorticoid Metabolic Effects & Stress

Reproduction and Lactation

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Male Reproductive Physiology: Spermatogenesis, Sertoli Cells & Pheromones Fertilization, Superfecundation & Utero-Ovarian Countercurrent PGF2a Transfer Female Reproductive Cyclicity: Two vs Three Wave Estrous Cycles & Ovulation Mammary Gland Functional Anatomy, Ductular Development (Estrogen) & Colostrum Lactogenesis, Galactopoiesis, rbST & Neuroendocrine Milk Ejection Reflex (Oxytocin)

Physiology of Growth

1 Topic

Compensatory (Catch-Up) Growth Dynamics following Nutritional Restriction

Climate Physiology

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Thermoregulation & Heat Balance: Hypothalamic Set-Point & Lower Lethal Temperature Climatic Heat Stress in Domestic Livestock: Heat Tolerance Indices at 65% RH Evaporative Heat Dissipation: Apocrine Sweat Glands vs Panting across Livestock Adaptive Heterothermy in Camels & Ecological Bioclimatology Rules (Allen's, Bergmann's)

Veterinary Physiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

120 Questions Bilingual

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