Animal Reproduction - Gynaecology and Obstetrics- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Copulatory Mechanics of the Ram:
• The ram (Ovis aries) possesses a slender, filiform appendage (urethral process / vermiform appendage) measuring $4 - 5\text{ cm}$ that projects beyond the glans penis.
• During rapid copulation ($\lt 1\text{ second}$), the urethral process undergoes violent, rapid rotation (oscillating up to 60 times per second), spraying semen in a wide circular pattern across the external os of the cervix.
• This physiological phenomenon is famously termed the "Fire hose effect".
• nalysis:
• (Ram): Correct species.

Correct option: (3) Ram

• Total Spermatozoa per Ejaculate in Domestic Animals:
• Boar: Characterized by massive ejaculate volume ($150 - 300\text{ ml}$) and high total sperm count:

(Highest absolute sperm output per single ejaculation among domestic mammals).

• Stallion: $50 - 100\text{ ml}$, $5 - 10\text{ billion sperm}$.
• Bull: $4 - 8\text{ ml}$, $4 - 8\text{ billion sperm}$.
• Ram: $0.8 - 1.2\text{ ml}$, $2 - 4\text{ billion sperm}$ (highest concentration, but low volume).
• nalysis:
• (Boar): Correct.

Correct option: (4) Boar

• Blom's Classification of Sperm Defects:
• Primary Abnormalities: Arise in the testis during spermatogenesis:
• Double head, microcephalic/macrocephalic head, piriform head.
• Double midpiece, coiled tails, abaxial attachments.
• Secondary Abnormalities: Arise after leaving the seminiferous tubules (in the epididymis or during ejaculation/laboratory smearing):
• Detached normal heads (decapitated sperm).
• Distal cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails.
• nalysis:
• (Detached normal head): Correct (this is a secondary abnormality, not primary).

Correct option: (4) Detached normal head

• Conformation Assessment of Rear Limbs in Breeding Bulls:
• Side-Profile Evaluations: Sickle hock (excessive angulation of the hock joint), post-legged (straight hock with $\lt 130^\circ$ angle), and camped behind (legs set too far back) are assessed by viewing the bull strictly from the lateral side.
• Rear-View Evaluations: Bow-legged (varus deformity where hocks turn outward and toes turn inward) and cow-hocked (valgus deformity where hocks point toward each other) cannot be properly diagnosed from the side; they require direct rear-aspect visual inspection.

Correct option: (4) Bow legged

• Spermatogenesis Duration in the Bull: The complete duration of the spermatogenic process (from spermatogonial division through differentiation into mature testicular spermatozoa) in the bull is approximately 54 to 61 days (classically cited as 54 days).
• Stages: Comprises $\sim 4.5$ cycles of the seminiferous epithelium (each cycle lasting $\sim 13.5\text{ days}$), followed by an additional 8–11 days of post-testicular maturation and transit through the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymidis.

Correct option: (2) 54 days