2024
29-06-2024
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
Official solved question paper with verified bilingual step-by-step solutions and key concepts. आधिकारिक हल प्रश्न पत्र — विस्तृत द्विभाषी व्याख्या, प्रामाणिक उत्तर कुंजी एवं मुख्य अवधारणाओं सहित।
Questions in this Paper इस प्रश्न पत्र के प्रश्न
120 Questions 120 प्रश्न
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Movement of DNA from one bacterium to another through a tubular bridge or pilus:
Which of the following is responsible for eliminating toxic oxygen by-products from cells?
form of multiple parasitism in which a parasite preferentially attacks a host that is already parasitized by another species is
known as
For mass multiplication of DD-136 nematode, the common host used is
Chlorpyriphos methyl is effective against stored product insects except
Which of the following insects often cause inhalational allergies in human following large emergence of adult insects
Given below are two statements
Statement (|); Climate is a weather condition related to smaller areas at a given place and at a given time.Statement (II) : Weather is a condition of atmosphere at a given place and at a given time
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
The local name of cyclone in Philippines is
Which one of the following are secondary tillage implements?
(A) .Subsoiler
(B) .Cultivator
(C) .Disc harrow
(D) . Wetland plough
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
is the most suitable, drought resistant and persistant grass?
The rainfed area in India is approximately
Which nutrient is often a limiting factor in agricultural production?
What is a potential disadvantage of agroforestry systems?
Pungency in mustard oil is due to
Sesamum belongs to the family
Dark period is critical in which type of plant?
Which of the following is NOT a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming?
Fe deficiency is mostly seen in crops growing on
EDV (Essentially Derived Varieties) are those which are derived from
What is the role of "companion planting" in agriculture?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : A fluidised bed gasifier is most versatile and can handle biomass with high ash content
Reason (R) : Fluidised bed generally contains either inert material or reactive material
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is irreversible.
Reason (R) : NIHLis even, being greater in lower frequency than higher frequency.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : The top of the piston heats much more than does the lower skirt
Statement (II) : The pistons are made larger at the top to absorb excessive heat released during compression stroke, and are
said to have skirt taper.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Premixed combustion is smoother and quieter than diffusion combustion
Statement (II) : The longer the ignition delay, the higher percentage of the fuel that burns in premixed combustion and lower
the percentage that burns in diffusion combustion
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Hydrodynamic lubrication occurs when oil film is thick enough to prevent projections on one surface from
contacting those projections on the mating surface
Statement (II) : All bearings in an engine are in hydrodynamic lubrication when the engine is started from rest or when it is
coasting to a stop
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Most of the gears fail from
(A) . bending fatigue
(B) . surface wear
(C) . stiff housing
(D) . pitting
(©). curved surfaces
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Machine parameters those influence the performance of a combine harvester are
(A) . speed of reel
(B) . speed of threshing cylinder
(C) . extent of vibration
(D) . height of cut
(©). speed of straw rack
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Choose the correct characteristics of the Darrieus rotor.
(A) . low starting torque
(B) . self-starting
(C) . high speed
(D) . potentially high capital cost
(©). high efficiency
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following are air heat plate collectors based on absorbing surface?
(A) . flat plate absorber
(B) . sandwich type absorber
(C) . corrugated plate absorber
(D) . overlapped transparent plate absorber
(©). transpiration absorber
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
‘Among the different type of combustion chambers, the peak pressure is the lowest for the
Range of aspect ratio for high molded tyres
In the frequency response plot, the amplitude ratio of output to input of a filter is plotted against frequency, showing transmission only within an intermediate frequency band between lower cutoff $f_1$ and upper cutoff $f_2$. What is the type of filter?
1. Low pass filter
2. High pass filter
3. Band pass filter
4. Notch type filter
Which of the following is not a type of solar still?
To minimize ride vibrations, the location of the operator's seat should be
Which of the following is an obtuse angle-type furrow opener?
What is the terminal velocity for the wheat chaff?
Which of the following threshing cylinder is used for producing very fine wheat straw?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Concave end of the disc harrow gang tends to penetrate more deeply than the convex end.
Reason (R) : The radial force, which includes the vertical support force on the disc blade, must pass slightly to the rear of
the disc centerline
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The power requirement of a rotary mower is much higher than that of a sickle bar mower of the same width
Reason (R) : The knives of rotary mower are hinged to the disc or drum so that they can swing back if they hit a rock or
other obstruction; centrifugal force keeps the knives in cutting position during normal operation
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The rotating counterweight commonly provided on the flywheel of a mower pitman drive does not give
complete balancing
Reason (R) : Inertia force of the knife varies as the square of crank speed and as the first power of stroke
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Alinear reservoir is one in which storage is directly proportional to:
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Specific speed of the pump is directly proportional to the square root of head.
Statement (II) : The specific speed for a single impeller centrifugal pump varies between 300 to 5000.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Water requirement of the crops is lesser than the field irrigation requirement.
Statement (II) : Field irrigation requirement does not include contribution from other sources except irrigation
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Single crop coefficient approach is used for surface irrigation methods.
Statement (II) : Dual crop coefficient approach is used for micro irrigation methods
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Blaney-Criddle method uses mean temperature and monthly percentage day time hours.
Statement (II) : Blaney-Criddle method was developed for the humid condition for consumptive use computation
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Concrete mixture (Cement: Sand: Gravel or broken stone) usually recommended for lining of canals is:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : A channel section is most economical when maximum discharge is obtained for a given cost of construction.
Statement (II) : Discharge is maximum when the flow velocity is minimum
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Drip emission uniformity ($EU$) is calculated using which formula?
Leaching requirement ($LR$) is estimated using which equation?
Light soils can be irrigated successfully across slope up to:
Following are the statements regarding irrigation efficiencies.
(A) . Water conveyance efficiency is associated with the canal network
(B) . Water application efficiency is related with the irrigation method.
(C) . Economic efficiency is related with the overall performance of the irrigation system
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Following are the statements regarding sediment loads.
(A) . Bed load is associated with the movement of coarse particles along the bed surface through sliding, rolling and saltation
(B) . Bed load forms less than 25 % portion of total load
(C) . Suspended load of a stream is not measured by sampling the stream flow.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Time of concentration (Tc) is expressed by the following equation
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The lower and upper limit of the curve number corresponds to 0 and 100
Reason (R) : The lower curve number corresponds to highest runoff potential and indicates an impermeable surface.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Following are the statements regarding grassed waterways:
(A) . The Manning's coefficient of roughness is 0.04 for design
(B) . These are designed to carry maximum runoff from a storm of 10 years recurrence interval
(C) . These are constructed across the land slope to remove excess water.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The minimum length of shelter belt should be how many times of its height?
Compute drainage coefficient if
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Equation for predicting EMC of agricultural products is given by
(A) . Kelvin
(B) . Harkins-Jura
(C) . Henderson
(D) . Janssen
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : In a deep bin, plane of rupture strikes the opposite side of structure before it meets the grain surface.
Statement (II) : A grain bin can be classified as deep bin when the depth of grain is greater than the equivalent diameter.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Thermal vapour compression is used in
(A) . Evaporator
(B) . Homogenizer
(C) . Pasteurizer
(D) . Blancher
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Majority of the drying of agricultural produce fall under falling rate regime.
Statement (II) : Spray dryers are commonly used for liquid foods
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Ideal elastic behaviour of a material can be explained by
In comparison to other types of conveyors, screw conveyors
Major functions of blanching of fruits and vegetables before dehydration and canning include
(A) . Inactivation of enzymes
(B) . Killing of pathogenic microbes
(C) . Softening of tissue
(D) . Cleaning of raw material
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Glazing is related to which of the following crop processing?
Capacity of an air screen cleaner depends on which of the following parameters?
(A) . Grain bed depth
(B) . Size of screen surface
(C) . Feeding mechanism
(D) . Percentage opening area of screen
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
An open channel flow is called as steady uniform flow if
Statement (I) : The depth of flow is the same at every cross section of channel
Statement (II) : The depth of the flow does not change with time
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Which type of salt affected soil/s is/are found in Maharashtra state?
(A) . Saline Soils
(B) . Alkali Soils
(C) . Coastal Saline Soils
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Read the following statements regarding alkali soils
Statement (I) : ; They have very low infiltration rate
Statement (II) : They have white surface incrustation
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Match List with List-l = £-f- System) ()). Portable lines with uniformly spaced outlets for releasing irrigation water to furrows,
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements regarding drain spacing in tile drains
Statement (I) : ; In general, deeper the drains the wider the spacing
Statement (II) : Hooghoudt equation is used to calculate drain spacing in unsteady state conditions
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Arrange the following soil texture in decreasing order of infiltration capacity
(A) .Loam
(B) . Silt loam
(C) . Clay loam
(D) . Loamy sand
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
If the wind velocity at a height of 2 m above ground is 5.0 kmph, its value at a height of 9 m above ground can be expected
to be in kmph is about
As a thumb rule water spread in the entire basin should be covered in how much time in check basin irrigation ?
Asolution 20 g/l concentration of a fluorescent tracer was discharged into a stream at a constant rate of 5 cm/s. The
background concentration of the dye in stream water was found to be zero. At a downstream section sufficiently far away, the
dye was found to reach an equilibrium concentration of 4 parts per billion. Estimated the stream discharge.
The flow characteristics of stream depends on
(A) . Rainfall characteristics
(B) . Catchment characteristics
(C) . Climate factors
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Read the following statement regarding recession limb of unit hydrograph
(A) . It extends from point of inflection at the end of the crest segment to the commencement of the natural groundwater flow
(B) . The starting point of recession limb represents the condition of maximum storage
(C) . The recession limb is also called as concentration curve
(D) . Shape of recession limb depends on storm as well as basin characteristics
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Awater harvesting structure has an expected life of 10 years and is designed for flood magnitude of return period of 20
years. What is the risk of hydrologic design?
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : In reservoir routing storage is unique function of the outflow discharge.
Statement (II) : In channel routing storage is a function of both outflow and inflow discharges
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
In curve number method, Hydrologic soil group C represents
Read the following statements regarding tensiometer
(A) . They consist of a porous cup which is located at the bottom
(B) . Tensiometers are suitable for tensions more than 0.8 atmosphere
(C) . They are not so well adapted in sandy soils
(D) . They are filled with water
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
According to the ISSS classification, the diameter of fine sand ranges from
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Specific capacity of a well is measure of the productivity of the well
Statement (II) : Larger the specific capacity of the well, better is the performance
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
When the pumps are joined in series then
Match List with List-I ee Someone fom
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Rate of flow of gases is usually expressed as weight of fluid flowing across the section
Reason (R) : Gases are compressible fluids.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
The continuity equation in cartesian co-ordinates form is applicable to
(A) . Steady and Unsteady flow
(B) . Uniform and non-uniform flow
(C) . Compressible and incompressible fluids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Find the minimum size of glass tube that can be used to measure water level if capillary rise in the tube is to be restricted to
a3mm. Consider surface tension of water in contact with air as 0.073575 N/m.
A hydraulic jump forms at the downstream end of a spillway having 1 m width and carrying 3.132 m/s discharge. If the depth
of water before jump is 0.8 m, determine the depth of water after jump.
Read the following statements regarding air lift pumps
(A) . They use compressed air for lifting water
(B) . They do not have any moving parts
(C) . It can raise more water through a bore hole of given diameter than any other form of pump
(D) . Efficiency of air lift pump are low
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Read the following statements regarding confined aquifer
(A) . Itis also called as artesian aquifer
(B) . Recharge of this aquifer can be only takes place in the area where it is exposed at the round surface
(C) . The piezometric level in confined aquifer coincides with the top level of the aquifer
(D) .Aconfined aquifer is called as leaky aquifer if either or both of its confining beds are aquitards
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Relative advantages of percussion method of drilling are
(A) . Collection of more precise data
(B) . Detection of thin and weak water bearing zones
(C) . Facility of testing quality and quantity of water as drilling proceeds
(D) . Requires much less water for drilling as compared to direct rotary
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List with List-I le a
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Based upon the area arrange the following soil groups of India in decreasing order
(A) . Black Soil
(B) . Red Soil
(C) . Desert Soil
(D) . Alluvial Soil
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements regarding evaporation
Statement (I) : It is the only form of moisture transfer from land and oceans into atmosphere
Statement (II) : Itis the process by which liquid water is converted into water vapour and removed from the evaporating
surface
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : ; In general, high yielding varieties of crop are more sensitive to water, fertilizer and other agronomic inputs
than the traditional low yielding varieties
Statement (II) : Crops grown for their seeds or dry fruits are usually more sensitive to water than those grown for their fresh
leaves and fruits.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Retention is storage held for a long period of time and depleted by evaporation
Statement (II) : Detention is short term storage depleted by flow away from storage location
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Match List with List. \(Characteristics) method)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Arrange the following parts of greenhouse from ground surface to top of the greenhouse
(A) . Curtain wall
(B) . Side wall
(C) . Eave
(D) . Ridge
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
‘Auger hole method is used to determine
Read the following statements regarding vertical drainage
(A) . Itis form of subsurface drainage
(B) . Drainage is carried out by wells
(C) . Water table should be continuous from the shallow layer down to the deep pumped layer
(D) . Hydraulic conductivity of drained layer should allow free percolation of water
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements regarding structures used when irrigation channels are to cross road or drainage channels
Statement (I) : Culverts are used when channel level is almost same or higher than the obstruction
Statement (II) : Siphons are used when irrigation channel is at lower elevation than the obstruction to be crossed
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements about sprinkler nozzles
Statement (I) : The coefficient of discharge for the sprinkler nozzles varies from 0.80 to 0.95
Statement (II) : Normally, larger the nozzle, higher is the coefficient
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
In case of surface irrigation, the straight furrows are
The selection of sprinkler is based upon
(A) . Diameter of the coverage
(B) . Pressure available
(C) . Sprinkler discharge
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Convert 78° 30’ 18” into degree decimals
GLONASS satellite navigation system is of which country ?
What is the correct sequence of following steps involved in crop simulation modelling ?
(A) . Define key variables in the system
(B) . Calibration and validation
(C) . Define system and its boundaries
(D) . Quantification of relationship
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Things to Consider While Selecting a Greenhouse Site are
(A) . In Free Standing greenhouse more sunlight is available in winter in East-West oriented greenhouse
(B) . In multi-span greenhouses, gutter should be oriented North South
(C) . In Naturally ventilated greenhouse, the ventilator should open on the leeward side.
(D) .A free standing greenhouse should have its long axis parallel to the wind direction
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II:e comer fe \(Definition) Section)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Greenhouse structures should also be designed for snow load conditions
Statement (II) : Minimum snow load (heated greenhouse) value for greenhouse design is 75 kgim?
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements regarding evaporative cooling in greenhouse
Statement (I) : Only wet bulb temperature is important when dealing with the evaporative cooling systems
Statement (II) : The wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached by evaporation of water
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Match List with List-l a a So \(A). Ratio Vegetation Index qty; BVI + 0.5) (Byig — Prev) x (1+ 1) ((B). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (1) vie + Reso +B) Rowe
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Match List with List-I b=
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Given below are two statements regarding drip irrigation
Statement (I) : It is also called as trickle irrigation
Statement (II) : It restricts root development of crops
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Match List with List-II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
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